The Salton Sea Essay -- Geography

The Salton SeaIntroduction The Salton Basin , a below-sea-level depression which extends on the northbound from medal Springs , California, to the Gulf of California , in the south. The Salton Sea has undergone historic cycles of filling with water and later drying up. The most recent predecessor to the Sea, that being Lake Cahuilla , last filled this knowledge domain between 300 to 500 years ago and at one time had a surface elevation above sea level. In 1905 the swamp of the Colorado River was accidentally diverted into the Salton though and thus the Salton Sea was born. When the Colorado River floods retreated in 1907, the surface elevation of the Salton Sea slowly began to drop until the 1930s when plain drainage from the Imperial and Coachella Valleys sustained its level. Soon after , this Sea was turned into a state recreation area, wildlife refuge and a sport fishery. To this day, agricultural drainage and run-off is the major source of water inflow to the Salton Sea.W hen it was Healthy When the Sea was healthy it, drew recreationists from all around and was a popular sport seek site. The marine level of salinity made it a great place to race boats and allowed for the introduction of salt water marine life. With all this attention the north side shore line curtly became the Salton Sea State Recreation Area . Not only was this area attractive to people , but it was soon populated by birds and turned into a critical link for flocks of migratory birds along the Pacific Flyway. As a result , the Salton Sea National Wildlife resort hotel was established on the south end of the Sea in the 1950s.(The Salton Sea Authority and the Bureau of Reclamation , 1997)Current Conditions Today the Salton Sea contains 7.3... ...tm4. Hunter, Duncan & Lewis, Jerry & Brown, George &Calvert, Ken(1998).Speaker Gingrich, Mary Bono conglutination Salton Sea Task Force in unveiling Sonny Bono Memorial Salton Sea Reclamation Act. Congressional Salton Sea Task Forc e.5. Kellert, S.R. and E.O. Wilson, editors. 1993 The Biophilia Hypothesis. Island Press, Washington, DC6. genus Nepa. 1998. The NEPA Fact Sheet. Online. Available http//www.gsa.gov/pbs/pt/call-in/factshet/0397/03_97_9.htm7. Salton Sea Authority and Bureau of Reclamation .1997. The Salton Sea Opportunities and Challenges. A brochure.8. Taylor, Dan. 1998. Audubon Society Inspired to Action by Bird Die -offs . 17 Jan. 1998 . E-mail . Available bkussunstroke.sdsu.edu9. The Salton Sea Authority and the California State Water Commission presentation of Salton Sea Symposium II - several(a) speakers. The Salton Sea - January 1998

Jack Kerouac’s On The Road - The Spiritual Quest, the Search for Self a

The Spiritual Questin On the Road A disillusioned young person roams the country without truly establishing himself in one of the many cities he falls in love with. In doing so, he manages with the thought or presence of his surmount friend. What is he searching for? While journeying on the road, Sal Paradise is non searching for a home, a job, or a wife. Instead, he longs for a psychical utopia offered by Dean Moriarty. This object of his brotherly love grew up in the streets of America. Through the hardships of continuously being shuffled from city to city, Dean has encompassed what is and what is not important in life. While driving back to Testament in the 49 Hudson, Dean propositions Sal through an appeal to emotion. In passing on his philosophy, Dean articulately states, Everything is fine, God exists, we have sex time (Kerouac 120). After the war, America achieved the status of economic success through the provisions of the assembly line in industries and manual pers everance in gracious services. The 1950s became an evolution from skilled craftsmanship to mindless mechanical work in factories. The goals in life included working in a fixed position, having a home, and providing for the wife and kids. However, with the threat of the Cold War looming over their heads, the youth of this generation grew disenchanted with the so-called American Dream. They realized life is flitting and that there is more than to life than punching in a time-card. The concept of individuality was more important than conformity. It became a culture acting out the true ego and true instinctive desire (McGeory 21). As an author and member of the younger generation, jack up Kerouac embodies this notion of estrangement throughout his novel, On the Road. Allen... ...notion that their quest is a spiritual one (Goldstein 61). erst we reach the ideal inner peace is when we are truly able to understand the band of friendship that surrounds us. If we are able to nourish this philosophy, no hassle can exist to deteriorate our well-being. We will be able to enjoy life more and discover what our fears are hiding. Works Cited Birkerts, Sven. On the Road to nowhere Kerouac Re-read and Regretted. Harpers Magazine July 1989 75. Ginsberg, Allen and Gregory Corso. Ten Angry Men. Esquire. June 1986 261. Goldstein, Norma Walrath. Kerouacs On the Road. The Explicator Fall 1991 61. Kerouac, Jack. On the Road. New York Penguin Books. 1955. McGeory, Heather R. On the Road to Upheaval. New York Times 12 June 1993, late ed.21. Will, George F. Daddy, Who Was Jack Kerouac? Newsweek. 4 July 1988 64. Jack Kerouacs On The Road - The Spiritual Quest, the Search for Self aThe Spiritual Questin On the Road A disillusioned youth roams the country without truly establishing himself in one of the many cities he falls in love with. In doing so, he manages with the thought or presence of his best friend. What is he searching for? While journeying on the roa d, Sal Paradise is not searching for a home, a job, or a wife. Instead, he longs for a mental utopia offered by Dean Moriarty. This object of his brotherly love grew up in the streets of America. Through the hardships of continuously being shuffled from city to city, Dean has encompassed what is and what is not important in life. While driving back to Testament in the 49 Hudson, Dean propositions Sal through an appeal to emotion. In passing on his philosophy, Dean eloquently states, Everything is fine, God exists, we know time (Kerouac 120). After the war, America achieved the status of economic success through the provisions of the assembly line in industries and manual labor in civil services. The 1950s became an evolution from skilled craftsmanship to mindless mechanical work in factories. The goals in life included working in a fixed position, having a home, and providing for the wife and kids. However, with the threat of the Cold War looming over their heads, the youth of this generation grew disenchanted with the so-called American Dream. They realized life is ephemeral and that there is more to life than punching in a time-card. The concept of individuality was more important than conformity. It became a culture acting out the true Self and true spontaneous desire (McGeory 21). As an author and member of the younger generation, Jack Kerouac embodies this notion of estrangement throughout his novel, On the Road. Allen... ...notion that their quest is a spiritual one (Goldstein 61). Once we reach the ideal inner peace is when we are truly able to understand the band of friendship that surrounds us. If we are able to maintain this philosophy, no trouble can exist to deteriorate our well-being. We will be able to enjoy life more and discover what our fears are hiding. Works Cited Birkerts, Sven. On the Road to Nowhere Kerouac Re-read and Regretted. Harpers Magazine July 1989 75. Ginsberg, Allen and Gregory Corso. Ten Angry Men. Esquire. June 1986 261. Gol dstein, Norma Walrath. Kerouacs On the Road. The Explicator Fall 1991 61. Kerouac, Jack. On the Road. New York Penguin Books. 1955. McGeory, Heather R. On the Road to Upheaval. New York Times 12 June 1993, late ed.21. Will, George F. Daddy, Who Was Jack Kerouac? Newsweek. 4 July 1988 64.

The Psychological and Emotional Impact of Domestic Violence Essay

Surprisingly enough, internal violence affects more than just the quick victim. domesticated violence is a growing, widespread social problem in America. In the majority of all cases, the victim is spousal or intimate. Children that live in a household where domestic violence is prevalent are also affected. Domestic violence not only has short-term effects on the victim, it also has long effects. The long-term effect of this crimson abuse is usually physical, psychological, and economical.The immediate effects of physical violence are usually obvious, but the long-term effects face to hide deep within the victims body. Many physical injuries sustained by women seem to cause long-term medical difficulties, particularly as they grow older. Many experience arthritis, hypertension, and heart disease because of broken bones, high stress levels, frequent medical deficiencies, and scar tissue from internal damage.The primary and immediate focus for most victims is the physical injury, while the emotional and psychological abuse inflicted has a larger impact overall. Depression, which sometimes leads to suicide, is the most traumatic effect of domestic violence and abuse. In addition, victims may also experience Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. This disorders characteristic symptoms are flashbacks, nightmares, anxiety, and insomnia. Children that live in the violent environment may also fall victim to behavioral or emotional deficiencies, including depression and anxiety. A...

The Impact of Stereotypes on Teens at Point Loma High School Essay

The Impact of Stereotypes on Teens at PLHS 1.)Stereotypes and racism have always been an issue in this and many other societies.Teenagers argon commonly the most impacted by stereotypes, not unlike most teens at Point Loma High School. To further analyze this, my tier read How a Self-Fulfilling Stereotype Can Drag Down Performance by Shankar Vedantam, a science correspondent for NPR. In his sayative article, Vedantam discusses how research proves that self-fulfilling stereotypes trick drag down many individuals performance. He supports his claim by presenting statistics such as When black people and white people answered 10 vocabulary questions represent by a white interviewer, blacks on average answered 5.49 questions correctly and whites answered 6.33 correctly, and talking about how black students tend to score better on discharges that are administered by other blacks, and finally explaining how all students performance increases when they are not reminded of their race/gender before beginning a test. Vedantams purpose is to inform the audience about the negatives of reminding students of their race before a test in an effort to prevent poor performance and boost test scores. Upon reading this, my come apart has decided to carry out a research project about the stereotypes at our school, and how they affect a variety of students. 2.) We began our study by interviewing a classmate, hence interviewing another PLHS student for homework and recording our data. We then proceeded to fill out a Google form, which aided us in planting the anonymous data in a data table and combining it. Following that, we sorted and graphed the data by gender and ethnicity to see how different groups responded to each inquiry. Upon doing th... ...In my opinion, its as innocent as attempting to avoid judging another individual at first glance or categorizing them into a certain stereotype or group. Removing the part of the test where the students have to bub ble in their race would also serve as a beneficial gesture. I am certain that this society has done more or less everything that is reasonable to prevent the growing stereotypes and racism, and the rest depends on the individuals. If one person stopped judging others based on stereotypes, then others would gradually begin to do so as well. It doesnt sound like much, but overall, this can truly make a difference. Also, I believe that we should accept the fact that at that place is no such thing as immaculate perception, and work on improving ourselves, our perception of this world and how we view and analyze other human beings. industrial plant CitedShanka vedentam, Jerry Kong

The Squire in The Caterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer :: Canterbury Tales Chaucer Essays

The clotheshorse in The Caterbury Tales by Geoffrey ChaucerIn the General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales, the narrator, Geoffrey Chaucer, meets twenty order pilgrims at the Southwark at the Tabard Inn. They are all going to Canterbury Cathedral to visit the shrine of Sir Thomas Becket. Chaucer decides to tag along, taking some time to describe each pilgrim. The cause uses many metaphors, personal histories, and examples of how they would act in certain situations to fully describe the events in the story. However, some of the pilgrims are given only a fewer lines of direct description in a very straightforward, visual manner. One of the characters in the tales is Squire, who gets only twenty lines of details, focusing on his appearance, his abilities, and his sexuality.The physical description of the Squire illustrates him as if he was a Roman statue, or taken from a chivalric romance. Chaucer describes his lokkes crulle as they were leyd in presse(Norton, 83), average height , great strength, Of twenty yeer of age he was (Norton, 83), bravery and cleverness. The author illustrates Squires youth as fressh as is the month of may. (Norton, 83). The dress of the squire is colorful, embroidered with flowers, short with large sleeves. He is very talented, too. Chaucer dedicates some lines in the poesy to the squires skills - horsemanship, jousting, sketching, dancing, song and verse writing Wel koude he sitte on hors and faire ryde./ He koude songes make and wel endite,/ Juste and eek daunce, and weel purtreye and write. (Norton, 83). The physical illustration of Squire is carefully surrounded by sexual references. The author tells us in his poem that the young character is a lovere and a lusty bacheler(Norton, 83), who loves so hotly that he sleeps at night namoore than dooth a nyghtyngale(Norton, 83). Chaucer uses meadows, reinvigorated flowers, and squires songs as the methphors to represent the characters sexual image that hides under the portrait of th e candidate for a knight. Chaucer also refers to the object of squires chivalry, his lady.The strange thing about Squires sexuality and his character as a whole is its neutrality. He is illustrated as powerful and effective young knight. It seems however that he is lifeless, like a stone or up to now statue. The squires physical characteristics strongly hit the readers mind, yet not much is understood about Squire. Chaucer even portrays him in a morally neutral manner, he leaves the vox populi of the squire to the reader.

The Squire in The Caterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer :: Canterbury Tales Chaucer Essays

The Squire in The Caterbury Tales by Geoffrey ChaucerIn the General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales, the narrator, Geoffrey Chaucer, meets twenty nine pilgrims at the Southwark at the Tabard Inn. They are all going to Canterbury Cathedral to twaddle the shrine of Sir Thomas Becket. Chaucer decides to tag along, taking some time to describe each pilgrim. The author uses many metaphors, personal histories, and examples of how they would act in certain situations to richly describe the characters in the story. However, some of the pilgrims are given only a few lines of direct description in a very straightforward, visual manner. sensation of the characters in the tales is Squire, who gets only twenty lines of details, focusing on his appearance, his abilities, and his sexuality.The physical description of the Squire illustrates him as if he was a Roman statue, or taken from a chivalric romance. Chaucer describes his lokkes crulle as they were leyd in presse(Norton, 83), average hei ght, great strength, Of twenty yeer of age he was (Norton, 83), bravery and cleverness. The author illustrates Squires youth as fressh as is the month of may. (Norton, 83). The work of the squire is colorful, embroidered with flowers, short with large sleeves. He is very talented, too. Chaucer dedicates some lines in the poem to the squires skills - horsemanship, jousting, sketching, dancing, song and verse writing Wel koude he sitte on hors and faire ryde./ He koude songes moderate and wel endite,/ Juste and eek daunce, and weel purtreye and write. (Norton, 83). The physical illustration of Squire is carefully surrounded by sexual references. The author tells us in his poem that the young character is a lovere and a lusty bacheler(Norton, 83), who loves so hotly that he sleeps at night namoore than dooth a nyghtyngale(Norton, 83). Chaucer uses meadows, fresh flowers, and squires songs as the methphors to represent the characters sexual image that hides under the portrait of the view for a knight. Chaucer also refers to the object of squires chivalry, his lady.The strange thing about Squires sexuality and his character as a whole is its neutrality. He is illustrated as powerful and good young knight. It seems however that he is lifeless, like a stone or still statue. The squires physical characteristics strongly hit the readers mind, yet not much is still about Squire. Chaucer even portrays him in a morally neutral manner, he leaves the judgement of the squire to the reader.

American Express Case Study

What atomic number 18 the recognise components of the architecture Ameri bottom Express has created? The key components of the architecture Ameri go off Express has created were the mogul to more effectively do business utilizing new defrayal methods and mobile devices. This was done through engineering road represent, reference architecture road map and utility/capacity road map.The attempt architecture team up created road maps to understand the leadership, arrangemental structure and directions and bear ones to make sure American Expresss Information engineering correlates with this changes in demand placed upon the use of new retribution methods and mobile devices and their alignment with the organizations mission, goals, and objectives. This is the architecture governance. In addition, it is important to understand the strategic intent of the federation so that the business architecture helps to guide and direct the processes correctly.The technology architecture ensur es that the processes and templates provided work in compliance with the needs of the organization. Discuss two advantages and three discriminates of stock(a) opening move architecture for American Express? An advantage of bar enterprise architecture for American Express includes the ability to provide more consistent drug user experience. In addition, standard enterprise architecture use can deduce risk and exposure and reduce operating costs. Optimally it will allow output and services to be brought to commercialise more quickly.Disadvantages of standard enterprise architecture include the concept that architecture must guide rather than dictate. The architecture process must seen as a fit for the employees and customers of American Express. It should be value to projects and be accepted on its own merits. It must also serve a mission in this case American Express has a strategic need for enterprise architecture that speak toed the specific need of shorter time to market p roducts and services and new delivery changes like mobile devices.Another disadvantage is that increased costs can be incurred if the trunk is not properly do byd. How might they address the disadvantages? Since architecture must guide rather than dictate an organization it is key that the partys system actually drives the architecture (which, as our text points out, drives infrastructure). IT must carefully manage the architecture to ensure that it is being managed in this manner, rather than having the company be limited by the architecture or guided by the architecture base on its perimeters, rather than careful planning of the needs of the organization.Since enterprise architecture is the broad design that includes both the information system, architecture and the interrelationships in the enterprise (Pearlson & Saunders, 2013), it is key that each aspect works together to support strategy and more efficiently help the organization. Costs of managing standard enterprise arc hitecture must be managed. Standardization should lead to reduced operating costs and greater consistency within the organization. However, in order to do so, IT must carefully manage the system and look forward as new technologies emerge, ensuring that the system can adapt and flex to adjust for projected needs.American Express Case StudyWhat are the key components of the architecture American Express has created? The key components of the architecture American Express has created were the ability to more effectively do business utilizing new payment methods and mobile devices. This was done through technology road map, reference architecture road map and utility/capacity road map.The enterprise architecture team created road maps to understand the leadership, organizational structure and directions and processes to make sure American Expresss Information Technology correlates with this changes in demand placed upon the use of new payment methods and mobile devices and their alignm ent with the organizations mission, goals, and objectives. This is the architecture governance. In addition, it is important to understand the strategic intent of the company so that the business architecture helps to guide and direct the processes correctly.The technology architecture ensures that the processes and templates provided work in compliance with the needs of the organization. Discuss two advantages and three disadvantages of standard enterprise architecture for American Express? An advantage of standard enterprise architecture for American Express includes the ability to provide more consistent user experience. In addition, standard enterprise architecture use can deduce risk and exposure and reduce operating costs. Optimally it will allow product and services to be brought to market more quickly.Disadvantages of standard enterprise architecture include the concept that architecture must guide rather than dictate. The architecture process must seen as a fit for the empl oyees and customers of American Express. It should be value to projects and be accepted on its own merits. It must also serve a mission in this case American Express has a strategic need for enterprise architecture that addressed the specific need of shorter time to market products and services and new delivery changes like mobile devices.Another disadvantage is that increased costs can be incurred if the system is not properly managed. How might they address the disadvantages? Since architecture must guide rather than dictate an organization it is key that the companys strategy actually drives the architecture (which, as our text points out, drives infrastructure). IT must carefully manage the architecture to ensure that it is being managed in this manner, rather than having the company be limited by the architecture or guided by the architecture based on its perimeters, rather than careful planning of the needs of the organization.Since enterprise architecture is the broad design that includes both the information system, architecture and the interrelationships in the enterprise (Pearlson & Saunders, 2013), it is key that each aspect works together to support strategy and more efficiently help the organization. Costs of managing standard enterprise architecture must be managed. Standardization should lead to reduced operating costs and greater consistency within the organization. However, in order to do so, IT must carefully manage the system and look forward as new technologies emerge, ensuring that the system can adapt and flex to adjust for projected needs.

Brand analysis of Jo Malone Essay

1. BackgroundJo Malone is an international brand which was established in United Kingdom by Jo Malone in 1994, then it was acquired by Este Lauder in 1999(Jo Malone 2014). This brand has a series of products, such as scents, body c atomic number 18 products and bag supplies (ibid). Its products are extracted from natural materials with pure flavor so it is always chased by many stars and upper class (Jo Malone 2013). Jo Malone allows consumers to tailor their own scent by combining different sweetnesss and to personalize their home by using home give the sackdles, elegant diffusers and room sprays (ibid). Therefore, the feature of Jo Malone is natural, high-quality and distinctive.As regards the market environment, there is a bright market prospect for Jo Malone, because the overall economic and fragrance market certain very well in UK (Monaghan & Kafkaesque, 2014). In addition, the culture force cannot be ignored, because the understated style of British can be reflectedwell f rom the brand scentcharming except personalized (Jo Malone 2013).2. SWOT Anaylsis2.1 StrengthAccording to the background of Jo Malone, the strengths of this brand are relatively obvious. First of all, its brand strength is precise which is high-end and distinctive. This can be reflected in its brand image. Its stores and packages are both well-designed to express the characteristics. Second, its products are personalized and high quality. All ingredients of the products are extracted from natural materials. Furthermore, an outstanding feature of Jo Malone, fragrance combination as mentioned before, makes this brand differ from other brands (Unger 1974). Final, this brand belongs to Estee Lauder, which can provide solid support for Jo Malone in many aspects.2.2 WeaknessThere are three points in total. First, the brand acquaintance is low, especially compared with other fragrance brands, such as Chanel, Givenchy and Dior. Nevertheless, this situation may due to the short history of this unsalted brand. Second, the promotion of this brand is ineffective. Spokesperson and advertising on mass media are absent. According to the Beauty Digital IQ Score (2013), the brand ranking of Jo Malone is 31, which direction the influence of this brand is not sufficient. Third, the distribution channel is limited.Instead of selling products mixed with other brands in fragrance stores or online, Jo Malone sells its products in its own stores and website only, this may lead to limited coverage of market. Nonetheless, this can be its strength because it might be their special brand strategy that is aimed to highlight unique brand position (Brownlie et al 1999).2.3 OpportunitiesNowadays, people presume fashion products made by natural ingredients, which are healthy to human. Besides, customization has become popular in this market. As a result, Jo Malone corresponds with these catamenia trends. Next, men perfume is a high potential and less competitive market. Owing to be imp ortant in the social interaction between humans, phallic consumers care more about their personal image than before (Lindqvist 2012) However, Jo Malonedoes not have a series of products for men, which can also regarded as a helplessness of this brand. Finally, global branding has become a trend and an important market strategy. (Tybout and Calkins, 2005, cited in Wong) With its unique style, Jo Malone extends its overseas market, especially in Asia recently. It is believe that there will be a wider chance for Jo Malone in the future.2.4 Threats receivable to low brand recognition and competitive pressure in this market, Jo Malone occupies low market share take down though perfume is its major product. More and more luxury brands have launched perfume, such as Chanel and Dior. According to Rachel Felder (2014), those luxury brands attract consumers by their fame. Consumers, who cannot afford a Chanel bag, can purchase Chanel perfume to satisfy their vanity. Moreover, Jo Malone is a brand with particular features, in other words, there might be some copy-cats appear to mingle consumers and damage Jo Malones brand image.3. RecommendationsBased on the SWOT analysis above, there are three recommendations could be proposed. Firstly, recommending Jo Malone to promote itself in the public media. Due to Jo Malones low brand recognition and ineffective promotion strategy, it is necessary for Jo Malone to increase investment of promotion, to advertise itself on TV and premium beauty magazines, and to put one over a few stars who are well known and have similar characteristics with Jo Malone to be spokespersons. Moreover, allowing perfume stores and online stores to sell Jo Malone products is also an option to enhance brand recognition and expend distribution channels.Second recommendation is to gather with other brands. In order to increase sales and expand not only premium market, but also mass market without undermining brand value, there are two options to targe t different consumers. One is to collaborate with Superdry, which is a young and fashionable brand with great reputation. Consumers are able to smell the partner perfume in Superdrys shop and make purchase if they are interested in. Another is to collaborate with five-star hotels. There are many kinds of bathtub products of Jo Malone, and these products are priced very high due tonature and health materials. However, five-star hotels are for customers who pursue the quality of life, besides, the daily bath products consumption of hotels is huge. Therefore, providing the bath products to these hotels is able to increase the sales effectively.Finally, male customers are hardly to find a specific product for themselves due to Jo Malone products are sort by ingredients and smells only. According to the SWOT analysis of mens market, launching a specialized series of product for men is a feasible recommendation.4. evidenceIn conclusion, this report analyzed the market environment of Jo Malone, and three recommendations were proposed for this brand based on the SWOT analysis. There is a great potential market for Jo Malone to expand. Furthermore, utilizing effective marketing strategies would help to promote the brand better, occupy more market share and strengthen its brand recognition.5. ReferencesBrownlie, D., Saren, M., Wensley, R and Whittington, R. (1999) Rethinking selling Towards Critical Marketing Accountings. 2nd ed. London SAGE Publications.Capozzi, C. (2014) Perfume Market Analysis. online.eHow. Available from http//www.ehow.co.uk/info_7743468_perfume-market-analysis.html Accessed 9 October 2014Catherine, W., Tat Pui, L. and Henrik, U. (2011) The Roles of Branding for a Brand Entering Overseas Markets A flake Study of a Danish Butter Launching in Hong Kong with Success. Industrial Engineering and Management, KTHCraik, J. (1993) The face of fashion Cultural studies in fashion. London Routledge.Jo Malone (2014) Home. online. London. Jo Malone. Availabl e from http//www.jomalone.co.uk/world-of-jo-malone Accessed 5 October 2014Jo Malone- Jo Malone London(2013) Home. online. London. Jo Malone. Available from http//www.jomalone.jobs/jomalne Accessed 9 October 2014Kafkaesque (2014) Perfume News 2013 Fragrance Sales Figures, Revenue & Fragrance Markets online Available from http//www.kafkaesqueblog.com/2013/08/24/perfume-news- 2013-fragrance-sales-figures-revenue-fragrance-markets/Accessed 9 October 2014Lindqvist, A. (2012) Preference and Gender Associations of Perfumes apply on Human Skin. Journal of Sensory Studies, 27(6), 490497.L2 ThinkTank (2013) Beauty Digital IQ Score Online Available from http//www.rankingthebrands.com/The-Brand-Rankings.aspx?rankingID=181&year=715 Accessed 8 October 2014Monaghan, A. (2014) UK economy grew 1.9% in 2013 the fastest growth since 2007. online. The Guardian. Available from http//www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jan/28/uk-economy-2013-fastest-growth-fourth-quarter-gdp Accessed 9 October 2014Unger , L. (1974) Market Segmentation A useful tool in the marketing of fragrance (perfume) compounds. Industries Marketing Management, 3(3) 267-273.

School Age Observation

I observed Mark in his fourth grade classroom during a science lesson. Mark is an levelheaded ten year old child, notwithstanding he has a difficult time paying oversight to his teacher. He likes to realize a lot of attention and when he gets bored he turns his focus to other destructive matters, such as, throwing pencils up into the ceiling. Throwing pencils in the ceiling has gotten him in trouble many times, and once he was kicked by of the classroom for it. When he becomes uninterested he stops paying attention to instruction acquitly.When he is bored, he needs to find another activity to fill the void, and that activity will be something that distracts the teacher and his classmates two characteristics that make it interesting and entertaining to him. From my observations, I believe Marks behavior problems be the result of a lack of attention and disinterest from the people in his life, and a general sense of laziness and intimidation for tasks that seem difficult. Mark comes to take with an unclean appearance (dirty clothes, messy hair, looking like he has not bathed) and without the proper tools to actively complete his assignments.For example, he comes to school without any pencils or typography and his backpack is a mess of old crumpled papers. Marks behavior problems decreased as his teacher had time to give him one on one attention and break down his tasks into smaller assignments while giving him encouragement and the sense of working hard and having accomplished something. Mark read well, plainly at a slow pace that would become frustrating to him. He stumbled over words and his classmates had annoyed looks on their faces as he took so pertinacious to read a paragraph aloud.His teacher also realized this and later took the time to explain the textbook pictures and figures to him so he could visualize the content he was reading about. His teacher told him that if he becomes bored of the assigned work of looking up vocabulary words then h e should switch tasks for a fewer minutes so he can take a break. When he would start to lose interest he would start trying to talk and get the others attention. He would stop his work, look around, and then call out, This is boring to the kids around him. There was a boy sitting next to him at his table that he would poke with a pencil and laugh at when the boy would get mad. He also spent a lot of time staring out the window and digging a groove into his pink erasure with his pencil. When his teacher was able to come and give him one on one attention he was attentive and looked at the teacher as she talked. Marks teacher creates a to do list for him so that he can check things off as they are completed.At the end of the section Mark was able to check off several things from his list, and he was proud that he was able to complete so many things. He bragged to his classmates at his table by showing them his list so they could see everything that he had finished. Mark is not a me an child, nor does he want to hurt others, but he needs more positive attention in his life. With the absence of positive interest from those around him, he seeks out anything he can get, which naturally ends up being the negative attention.His teacher does not always have the time during a lesson to cater to Mark, but she tries to check on him frequently because of the results it brings. After he was given extra help and saw what he was able to accomplish when he set his judicial decision to a task the effects began to show in the classroom. Of his own initiative, Mark took out a piece of paper and started taking notes once his math lesson began. He teacher commented to me that that does not happen very often.

How is mother essential to the development of the plot in All My Sons by Arthur Miller? Essay

Mother is essential to the development of the plot because her role in the family and her interests make up the key elements of the story. The item that she is the only obstacle amid the family and for work overting about Larrys death is one of the main catalysts leading up to the ending.She refuses to give up on Larry, which shows her desperation and screw for her son. Miller does not address her by her real name, but instead as mother, giving her an undeniable mother figure. This suggests that Kate is the link in the family that cannot be broken. If she falls apart, so does the family. During the plays first few minutes, Keller says Im just waiting for her to see it which shows that he is already anticipating the outcome. His short and assured words show his certainty about the outcome. On the other raft, it could to a fault be said that Keller has been desensitised to Kates reactions to things related to Larry.Mother also interrupts long tensions between characters and change s the subject abruptly in order to avoid a conflict. For example, when the subject of Larrys tree casually comes up in conversation, Mother immediately presses her hand to top of her head and says Ive got such a funny pain on the top of the head, which diverts all attention to her and her head. Chris replies with Can I get you an aspirin? which shows Mothers importance in the family, and how she must not fall as all other family members will also fall.This is also spare at the end of the play, when the realisation first hits Mother and then has a knock-on effect on Joe Keller. When Mother reads the letter, Anne goes quickly to Mother, takes the letter from her hand and starts for Chris. Mother instantly rushes to intercept her. These stage directions show Mothers desperation to halt order. This emphasises the nuclear family idea which was apparent during World War II in America, where the fuck off was to pay take care of the physical aspects of family ( fireside, money and famil y business) and the mother was to take care of the emotional aspect (relationships, problems and keeping things clean and tidy) . It could also be said that Mother causes all these problems herself rather than being an innocent bystander, because she often takes the lead by telling other members of her family what to do.Mother can also be seen to live in her imagination. At one point, she raises her arm over the audience and says, Remember the way he used to fly low past the house when he was in training? Her body language emphasises the emotion that she feels while she speaks. Larry is said to fly low past the house which shows the comfort that she feels when Larry is close to her. It could also be said that Mother feels overprotective of Larry and cannot deal with his loss.In conclusion, Mother is crucial in the development of the plot because of her placement in the family and her evasive nature. She wants to keep her family together, which is why she cannot deal with any disrupt ion of this norm.

Aloha Products Essay

Q1. Evaluate the actual control systems for the manufacturing, marketing and acquire incisions of ciao Products.Solution From the case we can see that Aloha products is structured on a live basis however the control system is attempting to measure each whole kit on a profit basis. olibanum the company have a centralized control system. This means that the main office takes all the main decisions regarding purchases, work, sales, marketing and promotions in order to save costs. However, the plant managers ar responsible for their profit and loss and are evaluated on the basis of their performance despite lack of adequate control everyplace the activities by managers of the managed plant. This face of structure is an unfair way of measuring the performance of the individual production plants.Based on the current system evaluating the three major segments of Aloha Products are described belowEvaluation of manufacturing departments There are three production plants within AP s manufacturing department each plant is responsible for their own meshwork and losses. Unfortunately the managers have no control over any of the major activities in their respective production facilities the vice president of the manufacturing oversees all of the roasting, grinding, and packaging processes. turnout schedules are provided to each plant manager for the current and following month. The plant managers also have no control over the gullible beans purchase, production schedule, production mix, or the costs of their inputs, as the purchasing departing assigns the costs ground on specific contract for that shipment. If the inputs exceeded plants requirements, they are sold at the business office rate in the market, and could very well result in a loss.Evaluation of purchasing departments The purchasing department is responsible for obtaining the required quantities and types of green java to be roasted in production plants. The level of sophistication and expertise needed blades this department a necessity proper staffing is vital establish on the complexity of the green chocolate berry market. This department relies on the relationships with growers and brokers for smaller firms, an important feature of this department is their ability to foresee inquire and required inventory and subsequently entered into forward contracts with brokers anywhere between three to twelve months in advance.The costs of each shipment are based on specific contracts for those green coffee beans, which can vary based on the various price drivers as mentioned earlier. This can create diversified and volatile costs of inventory. Required inventory demand is based on communication between marketing (sales) and the purchasing department, any discrepancies at the current date is met by the purchases through the spot market, which incurs significantly high costs. The costs associated with running this purchasing department are charged to headquarters of AP. Curren tly there is no communication between purchasing and manufacturing department. Furthermore, purchasing department does not need to report to head office or meet any performance measurement standards. Ultimately power resides with upper management of the purchasing unit.Evaluation of marketing (sales) departments Under the current structure, this department is centralized. The president of AP and vice president of sales are in charge of advertising and promotion of the final products. The marketing department also determines the budgeted sales, which are then passed onto purchasing department.Q2. Considering the companys competitive strategy, what changes, if any would you make to the control systems for the three departments?SolutionThe changes to the current control systems involves establishing accountability and effective communication among the three departments and providing key measures to evaluate the managers performance objectively. Recommendations for the current managem ent control systems are as follows Recommendations for manufacturing departmentsThe manufacturing department is currently profit centre. However, the plants do not have control over the costs of the green coffee. Thus the main concern of this department as a whole should be efficiency how well they can control the costs to roast green coffee. As such, here the recommendation would be to make manufacturing departments plants be accountable for the costs incurred to roast and package the green coffee. The performance measure for the manufacturing department at AP should be evaluated based completely on the roasting, grinding, and packaging of APs coffees. It would be unfair to evaluate manufacturing as a profit centre, when in reality it has little to no control over product costs or sales.Since control over purchasing and selling will not be transferred to the manufacturing department in this proposal, it is logical to assess based on controllable factors such as cost/pound only. Th us instead of cosmos assessed for the performance of the purchasing and marketing departments, plant managers will presently have the incentive to ensure their costs do not vary from the standard. It will still be possible to evaluate roasting plants based on gross margin as well. However to ensure the plant managers are not penalized for the fluctuations in the costs of green coffee contracts, a standard cost for green coffee would have to established and used in the computation of gross margin. Recommendations for purchasing departmentsThe purchasing departments costs are being charged to central office. Due to this the purchasing department is not being held accountable for the contracts it is entering into. The purchasing departments main concern should be actual contract costs. Thus, we recommend that the purchasing department be accountable for the difference between the actual costs per signed contracts and standard costs of green coffee raw materials. The actual costs shou ld be measured in a similar manner to the current practice. Contract costs related to buying and selling in the spot market should not be included in the computed price per bag. A reasonable standard costing for the green coffee contracts will have to be established based on discussions between management and executives in the purchasing department. The standard costs could potentially be based on the average of spot price over past 6 months. Thus, the recommendation here would be that this standard cost be updated every quarter, in order to provide accurate standard costs of green coffee raw materials. Recommendations for marketing (sales) departmentsThe marketing department focuses its efforts on advertising and promotion, however, it is not held responsible for the costs it incurs or how accurate their sales forecasts/budgets are. There is a large costs associated with differences between the forecasted requirements and actual requirements. The difference results in the purchases or sales at the spot price for the green coffee, which tends to costs more than the forward contract prices. It is not reasonable for the marketing department to perfectly forecasts sales and therefore there should be leniency in developing a method of accountability for this department. The goal here is not only to hold each group accountable but also to make sure managers feel they are being evaluated fairly and motivated to improve performance. In safekeeping with this actual sales batch should be compared to forecasted sales volume.This will not only help to keep the marketing department accountable for their activities but will also allow the forecasts methodological analysis to be reviewed and continuously improve. Thus on an overall basis, the company needs to establish goal congruence between the three departments. This can be achieved through emphasizing communication between departments this would encourage the forecasts of purchases/sales to be more accurate. In order t o increase the goal congruence and communication, the department should also be evaluated based on the overall measure for the firm. This measure could be Economic Value added (EVA) as when it is applied, managers will not just be focussed on their own departments profitability but also that of company as a whole. The EVA approach promotes the same profit objectives across different departments. Thus by keeping the same structural organizations and only changing the way each department is evaluated, the incentive plan for each department more accurately reflects what each department can control.

Basics of the Operating System

Heather RussellNT1430 Unit 1 Chapter Exercises Unit 1 Chapter 1 1. What is free computer software? List three characteristics of free software. Free software is software that users have the freedom to distribute and change. The three main characteristics of free software are The get-go code has to be distributed with the program, you preservenot restrict people from redistributing/modifying/using the software, and users must be allowed to redistribute modified versions under the same terms/licensing. 4.What is the Free Software tail/GNU? What is Linux? Which parts of the Linux operating trunk of rules did each provide? Who else has helped build and refine this operating form? GNU loses for GNUS Not Unix, and it was designed to be a UNIX-like operating system developed by Richard Stallman. Linux is the name of operating system kernel developed by Linus Torvalds. GNUs tools aside the Linux kernel make the operating system known as Linux aka GNU/Linux. Thousands of people helped refine the operating system online.Chapter 2 1. Briefly, what does the process of installing an operating system such as homburg/RHEL involve? Installing Fedora/RHEL is the process of copying operating system files from a CD, DVD, or USB flash drive to hard disk(s) on a system and setting up configuration files so Linux runs properly on the hardware. Several types of installations are possible, including fresh installations, upgrades from older releases of Fedora/RHEL, and dual-boot installations Chapter 3 1. What is a live system?What advantages does it have over an installed system? A live system gives you a chance to preview Fedora without installing it. It does not write to hard disks. 4. Where on the disk should you put your /boot partition or the root(/) partition if you do not use a /boot partition? Put /boot at the beginning of the drive (partition 1) so that there is no issue of Linux having to boot from a partition too far into the drive. 8. When does a Fedora/RHEL system mother X by default? When the system enters Run Level 5Chapter 11 1 How does single-user mode differ from multiuser mode? When a system is in single-user mode, you can logarithm in only at the console. Not all of the filesystems are mounted, and many daemons are not running. With the system in multiuser mode you can log in at any terminal or workstation that is set up for login, most or all of the filesystems are mounted, and all of the daemons that your system is set up to run are running. 3 What do the letters of the su command stand for? Hint It is not Superuser. ) What can you do with su besides give yourself Superuser privileges? How would you log in as Zach if you did not know his password but knew the root password? How would you establish the same environment that Zach has when he first logs on? The letters stand for substitute user. You can give yourself privileges of any user whose password you know (or any user when you are running as root). You can also pass a command (other than a shell) as the specified user.

Symbolism in English Literature

Archetypal figures present in Chaucers The Millers Tale By Jose Luis Guerrero Cervantes According to Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung, an archetype is a symbolical stochastic variableula that begins to work wherever there are no conscious ideas present. They are innate universal psychic dispositions that form the substrate from which the basic themes of military man support emerge1. The archetype is experienced in projections, powerful affect images, symbols, moods, and behavior patterns such as rituals, ceremonials and love. Jung2 compared the archetype, the pre-formed tendency to create images, to a dry river bed.Rain gives form and direction to the flow, we name the river, but it is never a thing located in any place, it is a form but never the same, it is always changing but it is still a river. Following this analogy, the archetype would be the dry river bed that motivates and modifies our conscious to a lower placestanding of ourselves and the world (the water of the river) f rom which emotions, attitudes and ideas arise. It is possible to track the economic consumption of archetypes in universal lit, according to Joseph Campbell3, from the origins of human race civilization.Archetypes help Chaucer to his main purpose when writing The Canterbury Tales to reflect on the personal concerns and solutions of the evolving medieval society of his time. Characters with strong first features has an automatic aloney and unconsciously effect in the readers mind, allowing his mind to blob experiences, emotions, and typical patterns of behavior, establishing a dialog or unconscious link amongst the reader and the text. The purpose of the present essay will be to identify such archetypal characters and situations and their impact in the readers psyche. 4It is possible to recognize in Nicholas behavior elements that match with the archetype of the Trickster. In mythology, and in the study of folklore and religion, a trickster is a god, goddess, spirit, man, woman, or anthropomorphic animal that plays tricks or, otherwise, disobeys general rules and conventional behavior5. In modern literature, the classical figure of the trickster survives as a character not necessarily supernatural or divine, but as a clever, mischievous man or creature, who tries to survive the dangers and challenges of the world using trickery and deceit as defense.For example, many typical fairy tales present kings who necessitate to find the best man for his daughter by setting a trial to obtain the hand of his daughter. Brave knights are not able to flood out the trial until a poor and simple peasant comes. Armed only with his wits and cleverness, instead of fighting, he evades or fools the obstacles between him and the desired object. This way, the most unbelievable candidate stiflees the trials and receives the reward. One example of this character in English Literature is Shakespeares Bassanio in The Merchant of Venice who, in order to marry Portia, must pass a trial set by Portias father.In this case, Nicholas is described similarly to this archetype This lad was known as Nicholas the Gallant, And making love in secret was his talent, For he was very close and sly, and took Advantage of his meek and girlish look6. Nicholas is characterized as somebody whose main attributes are not physical strength or economic power, but cleverness in managing the weak points of people for his own benefit (expressed in the words talent, sly, took advantage) hidden under a humble figure (expressed in the word meek).Here it is possible to identify the breaking of conventional behavior that it is proper of the classical usance when it is said that Nicholas makes love in secret. In addition, in order to gain Alison, he must figure out a trick, otherwise, both cogency die if caught together. Alisons behavior, on the other hand, shows characteristics that matches with the Anima archetype developed at the level of Eve. The Anima and bad blood, in Carl Jungs school of analytical psychology, are the unconscious or true inner self of an individual, as opposed to the outer aspect of personality.In the unconscious part of mens mind, it finds expression in a feminine inner personality. Anima, in contrast, is in the unconscious of women and it is expressed as a masculine inner personality. It can be identified as the join of the unconscious feminine psychological qualities that a male possesses or the masculine ones possessed by the female. The positive anima qualities of a man are brotherlyness, patience, consideration, kindness and ruth then the negative anima qualities of a man are vanity, moodiness, bitchiness, and easily hurt emotional states7.Jung believed anima development has four distinct levels, which he named Eve, Helen, Mary, and Sophia. Eve level is named for the Genesis account of Adam and Eve. It deals with the emergence of a males object of desire, yet simultaneously generalizes all females as evil and powerless. This mea ns that when an object of desires arises, the archetype shows an opposite behavior from that she had shown previously8. In the preliminary interpretation of Alison, Chaucer describes Alison (with ecstasy and accuracy) this way She was a fair young wife, her body as slenderAs any weasels, and as soft and tender She used to wear a girdle of striped silk Her apron was as white as morning milk Over her loins, all gusseted and pleated. albumen was her smock embroidery repeated Its pattern on the collar, front and back, Inside and out it was of silk, and black. The tapes and ribbons of her milky mutch Were made to march her collar to a touch She wore a broad silk fillet, rather high, And certainly she had a lecherous eye. And she had plucked her eyebrows into bows, Slenderly arched they were, and black as sloes And a more truly blissful plenty to seeShe as than blossom on a cherry-tree, Her mouth was sweet as mead or honey say A hoard of apples lying in the hay. Skittish she was, and jolly as a colt, Tall as a mast and upright as a bolt Out of bow. She was a daisy, O a lollypop For any nobleman to take to bed Or some good man of yeoman stock to wed. 9 Everything in her is lovely. Chaucer centers his attention on the physical description and little is said about her character. However, the adjectives skittish, jolly, tall and upright describe her as someone irreproachable in any sense.After she go in love with Alison, all the marvelous image of Alison disappears when she decides to play a inhuman joke to Absalon Absalon started wiping his mounth dry. Dark was the night as pitch, as black as coal, And at the window out she put her hole, And Absalon, so fortune framed the farce, Put up his mouth and kissed her naked arse Most savorously before he knew of this. 10 As it can be observed, Alisons attitude changes dramatically after meeting Nicholas (the object of desire).This desire unleashes those views that are the negative counterpart of the male Animus. Eve de velopment of Anima helps to generalize all women as evil, and Alison attitude towards Absalon reinforces this belief. John represents the archetypal of The Child in the developed degree of The abandoned. In Jungian psychology, it refers to an instinctual pattern of thought or symbolic imagery derived from the past collective experience (Jung referred to this as the collective unconscious), and present in the individual unconscious.We were all children at one time and we can remember the freedom of being a child, the unconditional love we received from our parents, the spontaneous laughter, how we innocently accepted things as they were and let our imaginations run wild. All those experiences left a mark in the unconscious and arise under certain conditions. In this case, the condition is the fear of losing Alison what makes this feeling to arise11. The Abandoned (Orphaned) Child archetype can easily be seen in characters like Dorothy in the Wizard of Oz or Oliver in Oliver Twist.The fear of losing a caretaker and the feeling of vulnerability makes the character to proceed in a blind, precipitously way. Jealous he was and kept her in the batting cage, For he was old and she was wild and young He thought himself quite likely to be stung. It is possible to notice here that Johns fear for losing Alison makes him to keep her out of the sight of the rest, in the cage. Nicholas takes advantage of this fear and uses it to deceive him in a childish way. This world he said, in just about and hour, Shall all be drowned, its such a hideous shower,And all mankind, with total loss of life. The carpenter exclaimed, Alas, my wife My little Alison Is she to drown? And in his grief he very penny-pinching fell down. As it was explained before, innocence is a mark of our childhood, and here innocence is incarnated by John. Absalon represents the archetype of the Shadow. In Jungian psychology, the fag end or shadow aspect is a part of the unconscious mind consisting of repress ed weaknesses, shortcomings, and instincts. It is a link to the most primitive animal instincts, which are superseded during early childhood by the conscious mind.According to Jung, the shadow, in being instinctive and irrational, is prone to project turning a personal inferiority into a perceived moral lack in someone else. It is the link to the most primitive animal instincts that are superseded during early childhood by the conscious mind, like the survival instinct. Absalon plans his retaliation for the cruel joke played on him and reacts in a even more violent way than his aggressors Said Absalon, all set to make a launch, Speak, clean bird, I know not where thou art This Nicholas at once let fly a fart As loud as if it were a thunder-clap.He was near blinded by the blast, poor chap, But his iron was ready with a thump He mote him in the middle of the rump. This way, Absalon fulfills his vengeance by recalling his most instinctive, irrational feelings. In the situations pre sent in the tale it is also possible to identify two archetypal situations The Task and The love triplicity. The Task is that situation in which a character is required to perform a task that will restore balance. It is parklandly found n literature in the situations like to save a kingdom, to win the fair lady, the identification of the hero so he may reassume his rightful position, etc12.Examples of this archetypal situation in English literature are when Arthur pulls Excalibur from the stone or when Beowulf slays Grendel. In this case, the task set for Nicholas is to consume his union with Alison using his cleverness to deceive his husband who has her in a cage. The reader is not told about the plan, so the reader and the fooled characters go hand-in-hand in the discovery and the development of the plan, holding the attention of the reader. The love triplicity works in a similar way than The task, however the task appeals to the logos of the reader, while the love triangle appe als to the ethos.In addition, the love triangle works as the counterpart of the Requited Love, which is used to enhance the nobler feelings of human nature sacrifice, loyalty, friendship, fidelity, etc. The love triangle enhances rivalry, fight, deceit, infidelity, etc13. It is possible to observe how the love triangle made Nicholas to figure out an ingenious trick to have sex with the Johns wife (infidelity), the showing of the darkest side of pure Alison, the wrath of promiscuous Absalon, and the showing of the dumbest side of John.It is possible to conclude, after all this analysis that The Millers Tale, as the whole Canterbury Tales, explores the nature of human being life and behavior of the people of his time, making the reader to do an introspective view of his own life. The characters of The Millers tale are very likely to common people, functioning as a mirror in which society can see itself. The empathy that Chaucer is able to establish between the characters, their situa tions and the readers is possible because he appeals to those universal characteristics that human beings seem to share beyond race, distance, culture and time.These pre-figured behavior, or archetype, causes an unconscious reaction on the reader, putting them in the same, Jung would say, psychogenetic frequency. Therefore, it possible to explain why the Canterbury Tales is a universal piece of work because it will never lose validity. It appeals to values and characteristics that do not seem to change in time, since it is possible to identify them in the universal literature of all times. BIBLIOGRAPHY Brunel, Pierre. Companion to Literary Myths, Heroes and Archetypes. new-fashioned York. Routledge. 1992. Chaucer, Geoffrey.The Canterbury Tales. Translated by Nevill Coghill. Penguin. London. Penguin. 2003. Franz, Marie-Louise von. Archetypal Patterns in Fairy Tales. Toronto. upcountry City. 1997. Herz, Sarah K. , and Donald R. Gallo. From Hinton to Hamlet Building Bridges betwixt Y oung Adult Literature and the Classics. 2nd ed. Westport. Greenwood. 2005. Holman, C. Hugh, and William Harmon. A Handbook to Literature. 6th ed. New York. Macmillan. 1992. Johnson, Terry D. , and Daphne R. Louis. Bringing It All Together. Portsmouth. Heinemann. 1997. Joseph Campbell. The hero with a thousand faces.California. New World Library. 2003. Jung, C. G. The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. Princeton. Bollingen. 1981. Jung, C. G. Phenomenology of the Self in The Portable Jung. New York. Penguin. 1976. Stevens, Anthony. The archetypes in The Handbook of Jungian Psychology. Renos. Papadopoulos. 2006. 1 Anthony Stevens. The archetypes in The Handbook of Jungian Psychology. Renos. Papadopoulos. 2006. p. 20. 2 C. G. Jung, The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. , Princeton. Bollingen. 1981. p. 9. 3 Joseph Campbell.The hero with a thousand faces. California. New World Library. 2003. p. 23. 4 C. G. Jung. Phenomenology of the Self in The Portable Jung. New York. P enguin. 1976. p. 147 5 C. G. Jung. Op. cit. p. 18 6Geoffrey Chaucer. The Canterbury Tales. Translated by Nevill Coghill. Penguin. London Penguin. 2003. p. 89. 7 C. G. Jung. Op. cit. 19. 8. Idem. p. 20. 9 Geoffrey Chaucer. Op. cit. 90. 10 Ibid. p. 103. 11 C. G. Jung. Op. cit. p. 29. 12 Marie-Louise von Franz. Archetypal Patterns in Fairy Tales. Toronto Inner City, 1997. p. 107. 13 Ibid. p. 89.

Fast Food Nation Synthesis

Sarah Whitaker Mrs. Kurtz A. P. Language and Composition 6 February 2013 The meatpacking application One of the Most Dangerous Jobs in the U. S. A report from the American Meat Institute shows that the U. S. is menage to about 6,000 meatpacking plants. Millions of jobs all over the country atomic number 18 made through meatpacking plants. These piteous paying, risky jobs are swept up by men and women, these people unknowing of what exactly they fox gotten themselves into. The meatpacking, today, has become one of the most dangerous jobs in America.As frame by Steven Greenhouse of the newfangled York times, the soils meat packing industry has such bad working conditions that it violates basic human and prole rights. Ever since the openation of the famous book by Upton SainclairThe Jungle people all over the mankind have open it necessary for inspections to be considered and for changes to be make with little success. Workers in todays plants seem to have the same problem s that were faced almost 100 years ago.The Appleseed Center For Law found an estimated total of 62 percent of those interviewed said they had been injured on the job in the past year, a rate seven times higher than the governments turnedicial statistic for slaughterhouse workers. , as found in ReprtLine Speed, Injuries Increase for carnage Workers. So what happened to the much needed safety laws? Its unsubdivided really, they just arent being followed. Many workers today, who live in horrible working conditions day by day to make their living for them and their families, are not being treated as they are meant to be and this has only made the industry bigger.One person quits or gets hurt and another is there, easily choice the new-made open position. Complaints dont help either, as found by Gail Eisnitz, besides cited in ReprtLine Speed, Injuries Increase for Slaughterhouse Workers, Slaughterhouse workers talk of a production system that moves to fast disrespect numerous compla ints to managementas well as countless injuriesthe companies refuse to make changes because slowing the passage would mean not making as much money. As found in Eric Schlossers ook card-playing Food Nation the underlying fact is that with power and money there comes damaged morals. The big care owners just dont care Now that the secrets are out and the industry is naked to the public now, the people are not calling the industry The Jungle of the 2000s, an article put out by the Associated Press States. Martin Cotez as interviewed by the Associated Press says, You know what I like to say to the newcomers? They dont kill cows. They kill people. This, a response to his own story description, just puts a whole new label on the industry murderersSinclairs book published so long ago quiesce seems to have barely effected the industry of today. As discussed in Fast Food Nation, Schlosser also speaks of the blemish of workers throughout chapter 8, effectively titled The Most Dangerous Job. One example of the horrible working conditions also comes from Fast Food Nation, Jesus A soft spoken employee of DCS Sanitation Managerment, Inc Talks of an experience he had on one of his cleaning duties, One night while Jesus was cleaning, a coworker forgot to turn off a machine, lost two fingers, and went into shock.An ambulance came and took him away, as everyone else continued to clean. He was back at work the avocation week. if one hand is no good, the supervisor told him,use the other. Not only did the supervisor not care, a person was injured and still returned to the job he obviously needed. So what needs to be done? Obviously whatever it is, its not happening. So even though the demand for food is high in this nation, whats more(prenominal) important, our food or our citizens? increased demand at slaughterhouses has caused a rise in work related injuries according to a report by a Nebraska-based non-profit. People in these plants are getting hurt not only because its what the job demands but because the more we as consumers want, the more the big industry owners will demand more work. So what will we as American citizens do? Work Cited American Meat Institute. American Meat Institute. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. Report Line Speeds, Injuries Increase for Slaughterhouse Workers. Digging Through the Dirt, 8 Oct. 2009. Web. 7 Feb. 2013. Greenhouse, Steven. Meat Packing Industry Criticized on Human Rights Grounds. The New York Times. The New York Times Company, 25 Jan. 2005. Web. 27 Feb. 2013. Dangers, tensions lurk in meatpacking industry. Associated Press. Breaking news & Top Stories World News, US & Local NBC News, 24 Apr. 2006. Web. 27 Feb. 2013. Safety and Health Guide for the Meatpacking Industry. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Web. 27 Feb. 2013. Schlosser,Eric. Fast Food Nation. New York Harper And Perennial,2005. Print.

Langston Hughes- Salvation

Langston Hughes- salvation Salvation, how numerous battalion actually know what it truly means? Better yet, how many convictions do citizens stress that salvation is the answer to all problems? This, yes, is true, but how many times are Christians encouraged to accept salvation without knowing what they are doing. Langston caught in the middle, sits on the mourners bench waiting to hear Christ, waiting to timber The Lord, and waiting to somehow see saviour. In Langston Hughes short bill Salvation, one is reminded of the biggest controversy found in church servicees. In this story, the author presents many themes Man vs.Man, Man vs. Self, and combine vs. religion. In Langston Hughes Salvation, the themes Man vs. Man, Man vs. Self, and Faith vs. Religion are shown through the characters, setting, and all its symbolism. The theme Man vs. Man is shown through the characters. Langston, as a Protagonist, who is a young boy, was told by his aunt that you could feel and hear Jesu s in your soul (Hughes, pg. 534), sits patiently, waiting to literally feel and hear Jesus. Langston was in a conflict with his aunt, the deacons, the crying old ladies, and the pastor beca map they treasured him to stand and accept salvation on their terms.Langston feels and thinks differently. He waits to see his Lord, feel his Lords presence, and hear his Lords voice. Instead, he hears the pastor saying over and over why dont you scram? My dear child, why dont you come to Jesus? (Hughes, pg. 534) After seeing his friend, he finally decides to ascertain up just to make the church contented. Later on in the story he is very sad because deep down he knows that he has lied to the whole fold and decides he doesnt believe in the Lord. many, just like Langston, are in conflict with the church and Leaders.Many dont hear the Saviors voice audibly therefore, they follow the voices that are heard. Just like Langston, many begin to doubt that a true God exist because he cant be seen or heard. Along with Man vs. Man, the theme Man vs. Self is also shown in the setting. Langston fought with himself internally because he struggled with not knowing what to do. He knows what to expect, and what he had expected didnt come. Which is why, he struggles internally with himself especially since he is in the church where he thinks the Lord should be at and show himself to Langston.Langston treasured the Lord, he wanted Salvation but he wants proof, that The Lord exist. Langston waits to feel, hear, and see the Lord He knows how to make the church happy by delusion about him be saved but he knows that he truly wasnt. He sits on the mourners bench surrendering all and waiting for the Lord to find him but, he did not realize that he was conflicted on the inside. This is shown the night he was crying in the room. The church is an important place which seems to be why he does not seem to show how he truly feels.At home he seems to be devoid and expresses his true emotions abo ut the situation but behind closed doors to himself. He struggles with himself. He feels badly for lying to the whole church. At the same time he thinks how he would permit them down and tell them he lied after hearing his aunt speak to her husband saying how he has the Lord in him. He has this struggle with himself throughout the whole story. Additionally, the theme Faith vs. Religion is also shown by the use of symbolism, which interrelates with the story.As Langston states in the short story, a revival is going on at his Aunts church. Revival is a time where the reawakening of religious fervor happens. As in the story, readers believe that the symbolism behind Revivals pressured Langston to accept salvation. Revival is depicted as a symbol of Christianity and, in Langstons positions, he accepted salvation because he entangle the pressure of being in a church and also being among many who have come to seek revival. Of course, when at a revival, church goers repent and accept Ch rist.The pressure of being in a church and the pressure of the people around the main character, Langston, pushed him to accept Salvation. Langston had the weight of the church pushing him to get up and walk to the platform. The use of symbolism, we are reminded of the Religion vs. Faith theme. The pastor used his authoritative variant to pressure young Langston to stand up and walk towards him. He, the pastor, sang the words why dont you come to Jesus while holding his hands out to Langston. Is the Pastor supposed to represent Jesus?In the end, Langston was saved from his sin, but at the same time, not truly saved. Humans, tend to let their surroundings influence who they are and where we end up in life. Langstons story portrays the life and how people live it. He portrays it by falling into peer pressure then in the end, not being able to fully accept his choice which leads to not believing there was ever a Jesus. Many themes can wrap up the short story Salvation Man vs. Man, Ma n vs. Self, and Faith vs. Religion through the character, setting and use of symbolism wraps up the story in those three aspects of literature.

Arthur Miller ‘Good’ Theatre Essay

A look out from the twosome is a post war play centred on longshoreman Eddie Carbonne. Eddie lives with wife Beatrice, and niece Catherine. The play depicts the conflict that occurs when, Italian immigrants and relatives of Beatrice, Marco and Rudolpho, come to stay with them and Rudolpho forms a romantic relationship with Catherine, eventually marrying her. It ends in a violent opponent between Marco and Eddie. Eddie confronts Marco with a knife, but it backfires and he is stabbed to death.I am going to answer the question, what makes A View from the Bridge good theatre by firstly analysing four main components the fictional characters, themes, stage directions and dramatic devices. I am going to begin with the characters. The three most important characters are Eddie, Beatrice and Alfieri. Firstly, Eddie has the leading role and the complexities of his character add many intriguing dimensions. For instance, there are his deep feelings for Catherine and their incestuous connota tions. Throughout the play, Eddies feelings towards Catherine are made known to the audience and many of the other characters.However Eddie still seems oblivious and even though his actions strongly suggest he loves her as much than a niece, he never verbalises his feelings or wilfully admits to them. EDDIE What can I do? I gotta sit in my own house and look at a son-of-a-bitch punk worry that which he came out of nowhere I give him my house to catnap I take the blankets off my bed for him, and he takes and puts his dirty filthy hands on her like a god dam thief Here, Eddie is getting increasingly provoked, because he feels that by marrying Catherine, Rudolpho is somehow take from him. Miller shows this by using expletives and exclamation marks.This shows that he is protective of her in a slightly more than paternal way. When Alfieri makes the comment about Eddie marrying Catherine, it is on the surface an offhand retort to ridicule Eddies distrust at Catherine marrying Rudo lpho, but Eddie reacts very badly to it, because Alfieri has actually pinpointed the true nature of his feelings. However instead of acknowledging this, he shouts at Alfieri in an attempt. Here, the audience is made aware of the fact that in his own mind, Eddie is just existence protective of his niece, and that any improper feelings from Catherine are deeply suppressed.Therefore, the audience is always in anticipation of the effect when Eddie vents all that suppressed emotion, which creates increasing tension. Miller puts a pause at the end of Eddies angry outburst because the moment of silence would allow the audience to realise the true meaning of the conversation. ALFIERI You know sometimes God mixes up the people. We all love someone but sometimes theres in addition much and it goes where it mustnt there is too much love for the niece. Do you understand what Im saying to you?

Essay Romeo and Juliet

ESSAY The older you are, the wiser you get. is a well kn profess proverb that provides insight in adult male t force outencies to be unprompted, perfunctory and hasty. Part of maturing as a human being comes from understanding a predicament, deducing a solution and conservatively reasoning whether there leave behind be any consequences and if they would be worth it. instinctive encounters flaunt incompetence and immaturity. Albeit embarrassing regardless(prenominal), there are often more resilient consequences than merely tone foolish for acting in manners that jeopardize goals and contravene strategies of success.Failing to analyze any situation suitably in the heat of the moment incurs undesirable outcomes such as a punishment of some material body or in some cases, death. This is the message that William Shakespeare tries to convey in his infamous play, Romeo and Juliet. This play revolves around characters from twain rival families that elicit their deaths and that of several separates due to their spontaneous personalities. Romeo, Juliet and Tybalt each let a particular feeling cloud their judgement, causing them to attract decisions with no prior thoughts of dispenseation for consequences.Their lack of will to resist and have got their desires becomes the cause of their demise. When experiencing certain emotions, ones thoughts are clouded and it becomes embarrassing for them to make rational decisions. Romeo is a very impulsive character. Its as if he pay offs from Borderline Personality Disorder. He tends to over react and his impulsivity puts him in several difficult situations before it kills him. Firstly, Romeo is very dramatic. His feelings are superficial and sh every(prenominal)ow.This is established at the very beginning of the play when Romeo says Alas, that applaud, whose interpret is muffled still, Should, without eyes, see pathways to his will Where shall we dine? O me What fray was here? . ( set 1, injection 1, Line 16 5) Romeo dramatically muses about his cope for Rosaline to Benvolio for a lengthy period before he abruptly changes the topic of password momentarily to where they will eat dinner.This indicates an impulsive and whimsical disposal. This quotation helps enforce character development into play, allowing the commentator to derive the lead characters major personality traits and flaws. Albeit at a very small and irrelevant scale, Romeos tendency to act over-dramatic puts himself in state of mental distress unnecessarily. Secondly, Romeos impetuosity is made very unambiguous and perceptive to the reader during the famous balcony scene in the play. The companying conversation rejoinders place between Romeo and Juliet in Act 2, Scene 2 ROMEO With loves light wings did I oer-perch these walls For stony limits git non hold love out, And what love can do that dares love attempt Therefore thy kinsmen are no let to me. JULIET If they do see thee, they will murder thee. ROMEO Alack, the re lies more peril in thine eye Than twenty of their swords look thou but sweet, And I am proof against their enmity. (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 65-70) Romeo proclaims his love for a woman he met less than 24 hours ago, making his impulsivity indisputable. He displays complete disregard for the safety of his life by being on Capulet property just to catch a glimpse of a girl Capulets only daughter and trophy he met the evening earlier. His very presence in such a place at midnight is impulsive on its own, but to claim to not value his life in lengthy, unornamented romantic speeches is incautious, childish and unacceptably lackadaisical.luckily, Romeo escapes the property unseen. If he had been caught, he would have been killed. This shows Romeos poor decision making skills, his disregard for carefully choosing his decisions and how they could have gotten him in danger. Lastly, Romeo gets himself killed because, yet again, he does not reflect on his actions before executing them. In Act 5, Scene 1, Romeo says to Apothecary, Let me have a dram of poison (Act 5, Scene 1, Line 60).Romeo utters this parameter in severe melancholy upon hearing of Juliets likely death in Verona. Him hastily travelling to a druggist emphasizes on Romeos tendency to overreact and not give any apparent thought to his own life or his future. At this institutionalise, Romeos character traits are made very clear to the reader. In conclusion, careless behaviour is potentially cataclysmic for the person impulsive and the populate around him. This is especially true when an individual(a) allows an emotion to cloud their judgement.Since Romeo allowed himself to get attached to Juliet quickly, lustfully he found himself in a piteous position where Juliet, Lady Montague, Mercutio, Tybalt and Paris die because he impulsively decided to fall in love with a member of the Capulet family without view of the big term consequences and in his grief he decided to take his own life mindlessly . Similar to Romeo, Juliet is also depicted as an impulsive character who neglects rational conceiveing when flooded with emotions. This is made particularly evident during the balcony scene when Juliet says, Three words, dear Romeo, and good-night indeed. If that thy bent of love be honourable, Thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrowBy one that Ill procure to come to thee Where and what clip thou wilt disease perform the rite, And all my fortunes at thy foot Ill lay And follow thee my lord throughout the reality . (Act 2, Scene 1, Line 145). This quotation testifies to Juliets callow and childlike decision to consider a boy she met hours ago as her husband. Marriage is genuine and a huge step in someones life.It is brought together by hundreds of bantam threads which are sewn by the couple over years, not within a some hours. The idea of falling in love, the lust for Romeo and the excitement of rebellion causes Juliet to not think rationally. The lust she feels causes he r to follow her heart rather than her mind. The man she consents to marrying is part of a rival family and pursuing marriage with Romeo would be redundant and dangerous as another brawl would break out between the two families before they would accept to the marriage. Had she thought rationally and considered the consequences beforehand rather than acting impulsively she ould have saved lives of many others, including her own. Fortunately for Romeo, she wasnt caught conversing with him age he was under the balcony. Impulsivity is a repercussion of impatience. Patience is a virtue and in this case, a life saving one. However, although short-term swage was avoided successfully, one is not always take ond to be so lucky. This is demonstrate later in the play when Juliet says to Friar Lawrence, Be not so long to speak. I long to die if what thou speakst speak not of remedy (Act 4, Scene 1, Line 65). Juliet is devastated when Lady Capulet forces her to make Paris her mate for life.I n desperate search for a solution, she goes to Friar with a dagger and announces her plan of suicide, blackmailing him of action with the aforementioned plan if Friar doesnt give her an alternative. Friar suggests taking a coma-inducing potion which will fake her death, later which she could elope with Romeo. In utter incoherence and mad impulsivity, she takes the potion without speaking with Romeo. Relying on Friar and a courier to give Romeo the message, she irresponsibly fabricates a scene of death and gets put in the Capulet crypt. Upon Romeos arrival there, he has a confrontation with Paris.They duel till Pariss death, after which the derangement of the whole situation takes control of Romeos senses, causing him to sup poison and die. Her impulsivity is not left unpunished this time as she causes the death of two people fold to her and the death of Lady Montague later on. Failing to think the consequences beforehand causes the person and the people around him/her to suffer mental or physical injuries to potentially huge extents. Lastly, Juliets impulsivity is made absolute when she mindlessly decides to take her life. In Act 5, Juliets final words testify that her final impulsive action is detrimental.She says, Yea, noise? Then Ill be brief. O happy dagger, This is thy sheath. There rust and let me die (Act 5, Scene 3, Line 69). Upon witnessing Romeos departed body laying lifelessly next to an empty flask of poisonous drug, Juliet grabs Romeos dagger and stabs herself to her demise. She does not think about the consequences of killing herself for a boy she met less than a week ago. She sees no escape other than immediately killing herself, leaving the rest of her life unlived. Therefore, in conclusion, inability to appropriately weigh their options makes people take decisions impulsively and impulsivity can be injurious.In Juliets case, Romeo and Paris paid for her impulsivity and the deaths of those were indirectly related to those of others such as Lady Montague, Mercutio and Tybalt. Tybalt is a character from the Capulet family who, like Romeo and Juliet, allows emotions to dominate and overpower his judgements which result in impulsive actions with bootleg consequences. However, unlike Romeo and Juliet, Tybalt has trouble controlling his anger. His easily perturbed temper leads to his desires of resorting to violence. Although a different emotion than lust, anger is an thrown-away(prenominal) emotion regardless, failing to repress which has inevitable consequences.Tybalts impulsivity is first hinted upon when he says, It fits when such a villian is a guest. Ill not endure him. (Act 1, Scene 5, Line 75). Tybalt is completely enraged by Romeos presence at the Capulet ball to the point at which he wishes to duel him. With anger clouding his judgements, he doesnt consider the Princes warning the following morning. Had he not been told to quite down, he would have confronted Romeo, perturbing the peace. His impulsivity and in ability to control his emotions when aggravated is his biggest strength while being his biggest weakness as well.This quotation is significant, because of its adequate approach to character development. Furthermore, this quote helps the reader infer the message of the play itself impulsivity is more or less masochistic and inability to repress emotions to a fairish level can be fatal. Secondly, another impulsive decision taken by Tybalt occurs in Scene 1 when he says, What, drawn, and talk of peace I hate the word, As I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee Have at thee, coward (Act 1, Scene 1, Line 65) In this quotation, Tybalt exclaims openly about his hatred for Montagues.His anger speaks for him, attracting trouble with those hateful words. His inability to control himself attracts the prince, getting them all in trouble. In a way, this incident is the guarantee of his near death. If Romeo hadnt killed him for killing Mercutio later on, the Prince would have had him executed, bec ause of the warning he gives after Tybalt disrupts the peace by commencement signal a brawl. Lastly, Tybalts impulsivity gets himself killed, becoming further evidence to how impulsivity gets you in trouble. Tybalt says, Boy, this shall not excuse the injuries.That thou hast dont me, therefore turn and draw (3163, 64). Tybalt taunts Romeo, hoping to initiate a duel for his anger to be drained. He seeks duels, neer wanting to consider talking about the issues. It is due to this, that he finds himself murdered. Had he chosen to consider alternatives with a calm mind, he would have saved his own life and that of Mercutio. Anybody can become wrathful that is easy, but to be angry with the right person and to the right degree and at the right time and for the right purpose, and in the right way that is not within everybodys power and is not easy.It is a inevitable skill, which becomes more troublesome the longer one chooses to not master it. In conclusion, strong emotions, desires and urges come to everyone. culture to be able to adequately control them to a safe degree is a necessity. Romeo, Juliet and Tybalt all act impulsively because they are unable to repress their emotions. Romeos lust for Juliet causes him to act recklessly, risking his life for a woman he barely knows. Since he allowed himself to become infatuated with Juliet, he found himself very lonely at her apparent death.He saw no other option other than that to kill himself. His impulsivity was fatal as he was to a fault foolish to repress his emotions. Juliet, being as foolish as Romeo returned his love. Lustfully, she also allowed herself to get attached withal quickly. She foolishly accepted Romeos proposal, risking her familys name and honour for a boy as unprepared and unsuitable for a mate in a realistic world as a newborn. Had she been smart and not returned Romeos love like Rosaline, her life would have been saved. Lastly, Tybalt also made several foolish decisions.Despite of his an ger proving harmful, he never practiced the advice he was preached to not disrupt peace amongst the public. Making several impulsive decisions like starting a brawl in the street for something that could have been easily apologized for and killing Mercutio, Tybalt ensures his final destination. If all trinity characters were more mature and weighed their options before making any decision, they each would be alive at the end of the play. However, that would have made a boring play, wouldnt it have?

Environmental Taxes in the Uk

environmental valuees in the UK BEA2002 Group Report assigning Ben Dance, Liwei Rao, Qi Gao, Nellie Ho and Ahmed Mujtaba 1. Introduction 1. 0 We suffer been commissioned by the governing body to write a report on how the current UK appraise system progresss valueationpayers to behave in an environmentall(a)y friendly manner. In the first part of the report we will look at three elements of the UK system and outline how they encourage environmentally friendly behaviour and in the second part we will comp atomic number 18 these elements to measures in mooring in Sweden. 2.Key Elements of the UK Tax System 2. 1 Climate alternate Levy 2. 1. 1CCL is a tax on the supply of muscle to tradinges in the commercial, agricultural and industrial sectors. The tax, introduced in April 2001, works by charging for each whole of energy used therefore the more energy used the more tax a business has to pay. Its an arbitrary way of trying to get businesses to reduce the energy they use and the emissions they produce. The charge per building block of energy varies depending on the commodity used and the pollution that the commodity produces.For example, electricity has a higher graze of charge (0. 509 pence per kilowatt hour) compared to gas (0. 177 pence per kilowatt hour) because it is more damaging to the environment (HMRC, 2013). 2. 1. 2 The political relation claims the CCL has had a signifi stopt impact on reducing the emissions produced by the UK. However, the House of Commons Environmental Audit commissioning has an alternate view that the diminutions are due to other measures already in place. They believe that the CCL regularizes are not earthshaking enough to influence behaviour (CIOT, 2009).Another argument suggests that businesses are just passing on the tax by increasing their prices leaving the incidence of the tax with the consumers. If we look at the tax revenues from CCL, we can see that it has never reached its annual target of ? 1 bn, suggest ing the tax is ineffective (Annie Reece, 2012). 2. 1. 3 In computer backup of the government claims, there is clear evidence that the annual emissions are on the overcome carbon dioxide emissions have decreased by 15. 9% from 1990 to 2010 (Department of Energy & Climate Change, 2013).It may not be clear whether this is down to CCL unless you cannot argue that companies are right away far more aware of their emissions. 2. 2 Landfill Tax 2. 2. 1 The UK government introduced the landfill tax in October 1996 in order to meet its obligations under the 1999 EU landfill directive. Before 1996, the municipal waste in UK was growing at an average out rate of 3% per annum up to 21. 63 one thousand thousand tonnes in 1995/96 (European Commission, 2001). However, even after this introduction the UK remained as one of the biggest producers of waste in Europe.To beleaguer this, the Treasury implemented a radically increasing rate of landfill tax (CIOT, 2009). There are 2 flakes of landfi ll wastes which are taxed at two different rates. The first type is the normal ( ready) waste which is taxed at ? 64/tonne and will some likely rise to ? 80/tonne in 2014 the other type is known as inert waste, such as rock and bricks, which is taxed at ? 2. 5/tonne. 2. 2. 2 The planetary incentive of the landfill tax is to encourage more sustainable waste management and to alter businesses and customers behaviour by producing less waste.However, the tax has not been as effective as expected. The disposal of inert waste has declined simply the same cannot be said for active waste. A possible reason for this could be that, although the tax rate of inert waste is practically lower than active in absolute value, it is higher in part value which means the tax burden on an inert waste producer is heavier than on an active waste producer (European Commission, 2001). Also, the active waste is more likely to be weighed at the disposal format preferably than collection stage, which ma y result in less incentive for individuals to reduce their waste.The revenue from the landfill tax is only a small proportion of the total tax revenue to the HMRC, so the large summation of this tax reflects the determination of government to change waste behaviour rather than raising tax revenue. 2. 3 terminate Tax 2. 3. 1 In the UK there is a render taxthat is apply to all Hydrocarbon fuels, including unleaded gas, diesel, LPG, biodiesel, bioethanol and other fuels that are used in cars. The rate of the fuel duty is usually align during the budget preparation and it consists of an additional tax that is applied to the petrol before it is sold.Currently the tax levied on the close commonly used petrol and diesel prices are 85p and 85. 93p respectively. Thus, the total price for the petrol and diesel is well-nigh 136. 26p and 143. 27p respectively as well (BBC Business, 2012). 2. 3. 2 Such taxes are levied by the government to reduce the profligate habitude of the fossil fu els and in this case anele. Petrol and diesel are two extracted from the crude oil and are the most commonly used fuels around the world. The government hopes that the tax will reduce usage because it is directly passed onto the consumers.Thus, not only would this measure rake in millions for the government, it would besides reduce the carbon whole step which is a concern for the countries like UK. 2. 3. 3 As a result of this 527 million fewer litres of petrol and diesel were sold in the UK last year, as individuals and companies chose to drive less, according to Edmund King, president of the Automobile Association. The government has faced a lot of criticism from some groups about the tax and praise from others such as various environmental group and agencies (BBC Business, 2012). . 3. 4 In particular, a review by Lord Heseltine into governments go on support for low and ultra-low carbon vehicles was deemed economic aidful by SMMT chief executive Paul Everitt. 2. 3. 5 Separat ely, changes to seat of government allowance and tax relief rules, as well as the car fuel benefit charge, should help common land the UKs business fleet, according to Mike Moore, automotive analyst with Deloitte, a consultancy. He also added This means that businesses should seriously consider the carbon footprint of their fleet in order to control costs. (D Martin, 2012). 3. 0 Comparison with Sweden 3. 1 Climate Change Tax 3. 1. 1 In Sweden, there is a fancy green taxes related to climate change. Sweden was the first realm in Europe to introduce a green tax in 1991 when they brought in the Energy and Carbon Dioxide Tax (Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 2000). This introduction, ten historic period ahead of the UK, shows that the Swedish government was practically more aware of the damage their behaviour was causing than the UK government. 3. 1. The Swedish Energy and Carbon Dioxide Tax works by charging the user for the amount of CO2 produced unlike the UK CCL which charges in respect of the source of energy. Both have the same impact on behaviour as they both encourage taxpayers to reduce the amount of energy they use and the emissions they produce. Over the years, there has been a significant summation on the tax rate to continue the fight against climate change. The increase has been so great that Sweden now has the highest carbon tax rate worldwide ( presidential term Commission of Measures against Climate Change, 2000). . 1. 3 Unlike we found in the UK, it has had a huge impact on individual and business behaviour. There has been a 9% reduction in gas emissions in the past decade even though economy has grown 44%. At present, the general CO2 tax rate amounts to more than 100 EUR/tone this is a much larger burden than the UKs CCL rate (Swedish National Energy Administration, 2000). This may explain why the Swedish Tax has changed the behaviour so much more. 3. 1. 4 In the UK, we found that it is not clear which tax is causing the reducti on in emissions.However, in Sweden the CO2 tax has contributed significantly to reducing fossil fuel consumption, particularly the situation for the household, service sectors and district heating production, where the full CO2 tax rate is applied (Developing Green Taxation Summary of a Government Assignment Report 5390, 2004). 3. 2 Landfill Tax 3. 2. 1 The current landfill tax in Sweden, which was introduced in January 2000, is very similar to the tax in the UK in that it aims to hold open the increase of waste generated.However, Sweden also uses their tax to try and encourage the use of the waste to generate energy while minimizing health and environmental effects to humans (European effect Centre on sustainable ingestion and Production, 2009). The tax rate started off at 26/tonne and has increased to 47/tonne (? 40) (Scottish Government Rural Environment Research, 2008). This is lower than the rate in the UK (? 64/tonne) which suggests that waste management is not as big an i ssue in Sweden when compared to the UK. 3. 2. 2 Before 2000, landfill only went down by 2% p. . but after the implementation, it began to decrease by 13. 6% p. a. between 1999 and 2006. At the same time, recycling in the country increased by 4. 6% p. a (European Topic Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production, 2012). In 2009, revenue from landfill tax was only 15% of that in 2000, which proves that the tax has provided a good incentive in Sweden to reduce waste unlike the UK where the tax has been arguably ineffective (European Topic Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production, 2012). 3. 2. Sweden has also successfully implemented schemes which divert landfill to recycling or to waste-to-energy power plants, where it is burned as fuel. According to the most recent figures from Eurostat, only 1% of waste from Swedish households ends up in landfill. This is much lower than the same figure for the UK of 48% which suggests the recycling schemes in place in the UK are not eff ective (Care2, 2012). The beverage industry in Sweden has a return rate of over 90% on glass and plastic bottles which shows the tax affects businesses behaviour as well as households (Scottish Government Rural and Environment Research, 2008). 3. . 4 From this comparison, it seems apparent that the UK could learn from Sweden and change peoples behaviour more effectively by implementing and encouraging a better recycling scheme rather than penalizing people through taxes. 3. 3 Fuel Tax 3. 3. 1 The fuel tax in Sweden comprises of an energy taxand a carbon tax. A tax is placed on top of the price of petrol in the same way that the UK government do. The total tax (includingvalue added tax) has been 6. 875 kr (about ? 0. 6913) per litre since January 1, 201. This rate is lower than the tax in the UK which again suggests that the consumption of fuel is less of an issue. . 3. 2 The energy tax contains excises on motor vehicle fuels, the average proportion being 3. 4 points in EU. Sweden is the country has second highest percentage (4. 9 points) among the EU share states. This tax is similar to the vehicle road tax in the UK. 3. 3. 4 There is a significant difference in the revenues of fuel tax in the UK and Sweden. In the UK, the proportion of the revenue of fuel tax amounts to more than 90% of the total energy taxes revenue, while the percentage for Sweden is only slightly above 50 %.The tax revenues on natural gas and electricity are the main reasons that result to this different situation. Sweden collects the most revenues from electricity and natural gas taxes (about 30 %). In contrast, the United Kingdom only receives negligible revenues on related items (less than 2 %) (Taxation trends in the European Union, 2009). 3. 3. 5 As is well known, Sweden has a high supranational profile in environmental policy all over the world. The revenue from environmentally related taxes is and not particularly high in this country.On the other hand, the revenue from green tax es in Sweden has been steady rather than decline in recent years, which is in contrast to the trend in many other countries (Swedish Tax Policy Recent Trends and Future Challenges, 2010). Bibliography CIOT, 2009. Green Tax Report. online. functional at Accessed 28 January 2013. HMRC, 2013. Climate Change Levy Rates from April 2012. online. Available at Accessed 28 January 2013. Annie Reece, 2012. Landfill Tax Revenue Set to Increase. online. Available at Accessed 28 January 2013. Department of Energy & Climate Change, 2013. GHG Inventory summary Factsheet. online. Available at Accessed 28 January 2013. European Commission, 2001.Study on the Economic and Environmental Implications of the Use of Environmental Taxes and Charges in the European Union and its Member States. online. Available at Accessed 27 January 2013 BBC Business, 2012. Fuel duty rise cancelled by chancellor. online Available at Accessed 11 February 2013. BBC Business, 2012. Budget 2012 Fuel duty increase gets g o-ahead. online Available at Accessed 10 February 2013.D Martin, 2012. Were the fuel tax seat of government of Europe British motorists pay up to 60% duty and VAT on petrol the highest figure in the EU. online Available at Accessed 11 February 2013. Care2, 2012. The Environment and Wildlife Cause. online. Available at Accessed 5 February 2013. European Topic Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production, 2009. Fact Sheet for Sweden. online. Available at