English Channel and Resultant Displacement

An ostrich cannot fly, but it is able to run fast. Suppose an ostrich runs east for 7. 985 s and then runs 161 m south, so that the magnitude of the ostrich’s resultant displacement is 226 m. Calculate the magnitude of the ostrich’s eastward component and its running speed to the east. 1. Kangaroos can easily jump as far as 8. 0 m. If a kangaroo makes five such jumps westward, how many jumps must it make northward to have a northwest displacement with magnitude of 68 m? What is the angle of the resultant displacement with respect to north? . In 1926, Gertrude Ederle of the United States became the first woman to swim across the English Channel. Suppose Ederle swam 25. 2 km east from the coast near Dover, England, then made a 90o turn and traveled south for 21. 3 km to a point east of Calais, France. What was Ederle’s resultant displacement? 3. Cheetahs are, for short distances, the fastest land animals. In the course of a chase, cheetahs can also change direction very quickly. Suppose a cheetah runs straight north for 5. 0 s, quickly turns and runs 3. 0 x 102 m west. If the magnitude of the cheetah’s resultant displacement is 3. 35 x 102 m, what is the cheetah’s displacement and velocity during the first part of its run? 4. The largest variety of grasshopper in the world is found in Malaysia. These grasshoppers can measure almost a foot in length and can jump 4. 5m. Suppose one of these grasshoppers starts at the origin of a coordinate system and makes exactly eight jumps in a straight line that makes and angle of 35o with the positive x-axis.Find the grasshopper’s displacements along the x and y axes. 5. The landing speed of the space shuttle Atlantis is 347 km/h. If the shuttle is landing at an angle of 15. 0o with respect to the horizontal, what are the horizontal and vertical components of its velocity? 6. The fastest propeller-driven aircraft is the Russian TU-95/142, which can reach a maximum speed of 925 km/h. Fo r this speed, calculate the plane’s resultant displacement if it travels east for 1. 50 h, then turns north and travels for 2. 00 h. 7.The longest shot in a golf tournament was made by Mike Austin in 1974. The ball went a distance of 471 m. Suppose the ball was shot horizontally off a cliff at 80. 0 m/s. Calculate the height of the cliff. 8. What would be the initial speed of a projectile that is launched from a cliff 210 m high and hits the ground 420 m away from the cliff? 10. The world’s largest flowerpot is 1. 95 m high. If you were to jump horizontally from the top edge of this flowerpot at a speed of 3. 0 m/s, what would your landing speed be?

Patent Infringement of Internet Technology

Issue in Dispute & Factual Background The issue being disputed is whether Vonage contravened patent law by using a technological invention registered to Verizon, without permission, in providing its online communication services. Infringement was claimed by Verizon on three of its patents. Since 2006, a string of patent infringement cases have been filed against Vonage, an online communications company providing customers with the means to communicate through their computers through the Internet route. Verizon was first to sue Vonage for the use of three patents covering the translation of ‘analog voice signals’ into ‘digital signals’ to allow customers to communicate through their computers with broadband connections. In March, a jury verdict found Vonage to have infringed the patents and this was also upheld by the appellate court but only for the two patents. However, the appellate court remanded the case down to the lower court for re-determination of the monetary award since this was not detailed by the jury. Next to file a case was Sprint Nextel Corporation for the use of its patented voice-over internet protocol (VoIP), which allows computer users to make calls using broadband connections. In September, a jury also found voyage to have infringed this patent. Lastly, Klausner Technologies also communicated its claims to Vonage but this has been settled. To date, claims of Sprint Nextel Corporation and Klausner have already been settled. All these claims involved Vonage’s online use of these technology patents in its online popular communication services. Position of Litigants Verizon based its claims on the infringement of three patents. Patent 574 enhances translations of communication information such as telephone numbers or websites into IP addresses. Patent 711 covers the manner of using computer speakers or microphones to communicate online. Patent 880 covers ‘localized wireless gateway system’ that enables phones to register with transceivers before connecting to the Internet.[1] Although these patents do not constitute online communications, this serves to enhance the system by providing a means of translating numerous digital to analog signals, instructing a means of using speakers and microphones to communicate online, and connecting into local base stations to connect mobile phones to computers. By offering online communication services using these three patents without its permission, Verizon claims that Vonage has violated its patent grant. Vonage claims that it has not violated Verizon’s patents because it did not translate but merely extracted and reformatted the telephone numbers. Verizon also claimed that the court of first instance erred in the direction it gave to the jury, particularly on the construction of vital terms found in the claims. First contested term is ‘translation’, which was construed by the courts generally instead of limiting this to the conversation of higher to lower protocols as contained in the patent grant. Second contested term is ‘conditional analysis’, which was interpreted by the court as generating a result from a prior first condition. Vonage claims that this should be limited only to the preferences of the parties using the system.[2] Since its operations do not fall under the technological systems patented by Verizon, it has not infringed any patent. Ethical Issue & Opinion on the Case Prior to the cases, Vonage has become popular as an online communications company[3]. In 2006, it launched virtual phone numbers in Europe[4] implying the development of a new type of Internet based community function apart from linking its services to various Internet communication channels such as voicemail. Its popularity was due to the competitive prices together with the high Internet accessibility in most developed countries and the higher interconnectivity it offers by being able to link landlines and mobile phones to computers when compared to purely landline or mobile services or with Internet connectivity but limited only to same network calls. Basically, prior to Vonage’s service, VoIP was already existent but with limited use only to partners of the service provider. Vonage took the VoIP concept fused it with the other online communication connectivity and processes and created a service that higher interconnectivity. Did Vonage violate the law? According to the courts, it did violate the patents of the two companies. Was its actions right or wrong? The answer cannot be plainly stated in black and white. On one hand, this may be wrong because it profited out of somebody else’s technological innovation but on the other hand, it served or even empowered the public by giving them an alternative option. Even in a competitive world, consumers, through demand, do not always influence market prices, quality of service, or innovation. This is especially so in the case of online technology sector, which have become a venue for monopoly such as Microsoft. Under existing law and jurisprudence[5] there may be infringement. However, this case could have become a landmark by clarifying the concept of patent for the purpose of negating infringement. A patent is a property right to use or own inventions for a given number of years and an invention is a new creation[6]. However, it does not necessarily cover purpose, function or importance to the community. Patent has also been used for abuse such as the monopolistic tendencies of technological companies. While private property should be respected, this should also be balanced with public good. Moreover, Internet technologies are virtual, making it necessary to determine or limit the processes or operations considered as qualifying for patents. References KSR Int’l Co.v. Teleflex Inc. (No. 04-1350) 119 Fed. Appx. 282. Retrieved November 1, 2007, from www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/04-1350.ZO.html. Richtel, M. (2007, October 26). Shares Rise as Vonage Settles Fight over Patent. The New York Times. Retrieved November 1, 2007, from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/26/technology/26phone.html. Vonage (2007). Timeline. Retrieved November 1, 2007, from www.vonage.com. US Patent and Trademark Office (2007). General Information Concerning Patents. Retrieved November 1, 2007, from http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/index.html#patent. Vonage Told to Stop Using Verizon Technology By IAN AUSTEN Published: March 24, 2007 A federal judge said yesterday that he would order Vonage Holdings, the Internet-based telephone service, to stop using technologies patented by Verizon Communications. The decision, which could force Vonage to close or to install new systems, follows a jury decision this month that awarded Verizon $58 million and monthly royalties. But the judge agreed to postpone the effective date of the injunction for two weeks while he considers a request by Vonage for a stay pending what could be a lengthy appeal. The decision forced a temporary halt in the trading of Vonage shares and eventually sent the company’s stock down $1.05, or 26 percent, to close at $3. Vonage began trading last May at $17 a share. â€Å"For Vonage, everything that can go wrong has gone wrong,† said Richard Greenfield, the co-head of Pali Research in New York. â€Å"The constant stream of bad publicity has got to be adding to customer churn.† As it did earlier this month, Vonage quickly moved to assure its two million customers that their service would not be affected. It has said it is developing alternative technology that does not conflict with Verizon’s patents. â€Å"We are confident that Vonage customers will not experience service interruptions or other changes,† the company’s chief executive, Mike Snyder, said in a statement. â€Å"Our fight is far from over. We remain confident that Vonage has not infringed on any of Verizon’s patents.† Brooke Schulz, a spokeswoman for Vonage, said the company had not seen any effect on its ability to attract and retain customers because of the case. â€Å"We believe this case has had not impact on churn to date, nor do we expect it to,† she said. Judge Claude M. Hilton of Federal District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia in Alexandria said yesterday that an injunction was necessary because fines and royalties will â€Å"not prevent continued erosion of the client base of the plaintiff,† The Associated Press reported from Alexandria. Vonage has been the early leader in an attempt by several companies to shift traditional telephone company customers to Internet-based calling. â€Å"We’re pleased the court has decided to issue a permanent injunction to protect Verizon’s patented innovations,† said John Thorne, a senior vice president and deputy general counsel at Verizon. The three patents that a jury found Vonage to be infringing upon involve the way the company moves calls to and from the Internet from the conventional telephone system, methods for giving customers calling features like call waiting, and means for providing Internet calling through wireless networks. If Vonage is forced to switch to other technologies, the cost and feasibility of such a change is not clear. It is believed that the company has the ability to make remote software updates in devices that its customers have installed at their homes and offices.  Many conventional telephone companies hold patents involving Internet calling. Vonage faces a separate patent lawsuit from Sprint Nextel that has yet to go to trial.   

Love-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Love-2 - Essay Example Sappho’s poetry is very feminine portraying jealousy, insecurity, and she had a way of evoking the sight, tongue, heart etc. as though they belonged to someone else. In her poetry, passion reigns supreme. Naturally her poetry is old fashioned and it projects old-fashioned love. There are many differences between the two. Naturally Sappho’s lines are ancient and Eliot’s modern. Apart from this, Sappho has written in passionate fervour of love, whereas Eliot shows the most unromantic side of it. Sappho is bristling with the romance, passion and sexual desire, while Eliot’s love is dreary and without imagination. Her poetry brims with imagination and she even uses the limbs as external think tanks. On the contrary, Eliot does not show much imagination or creativity in this song. It is a dry, matter-of-fact kind of song showing a very ordinary life, devoid of all sophistication. Sappho creates a world full of love, peopled by lovers with imaginative and creative dreams and desires. In this song, T.S. Eliot shows the bare modernity with the basest things in life and here love does not create an aura, but an ordinary, drudgery like living together and going around together. In a way both these poets reflect the ancient approach and modern approach to love. In ancient days, love is considered to be an ethereal feeling, reserved only for the lucky few. Physical desires did exist, but they were clothed in decency and fascinating, yet erotic love. Even though Sappho’s poetry was extremely feminine, she does not vulgarise it. In the modern approach, love is shown more as sex and the mental involvement comes as an afterthought and the poets represent this basic difference in their

The Watergate Scandal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Watergate Scandal - Research Paper Example The group of intruders along with the other accused administrative members was put on trial while President Nixon was forced to resign from his office in 1974. This entire series of events is called the â€Å"Watergate Scandal†. The Watergate Scandal â€Å"The Watergate Scandal† was a political scandal which occurred in America in the 1970s decade. It consisted of a series of unlawful events which was later attributed to certain important officials serving under the administration of the then US President Richard Nixon. They had wanted to secure some confidential information which would help them to secure the victory of Nixon in the US Presidential Elections of 1972. After the incident, members of the Nixon government tried to cover up the event and shield the men involved in the crime. Eventually, the US Police arrested the seven officials who had committed the burglary and implicated them on the basis of available evidence. Even, President Nixon was found guilty of a ttempting to shield the incident from being leaked out to the general people. Ultimately, Nixon had to resign from US Presidentship in the year 1974. The Watergate Scandal represented a series of unprecedented political events, which witnessed a US President resigning from his office for the first time in history. On June 16, 1972, seven American citizens planned a burglary in the office headquarters of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) of the USA. The office was situated in the Watergate complex of Washington D.C, in one of the six buildings located over there. On the night of the robbery, the seven men gathered in the Watergate Hotel, situated in the same complex, which gave them easy access to the nearby DNC office. The actual attempt to secure the confidential information was carried out by five men, while two of them stayed back at the hotel to warn the others of any imminent danger. The burglars had also stationed an eighth man in a building, just in front of the DNC off ice, who would also be able to detect any dangerous signals. He was supposed to inform the two men in the hotel who in turn would convey this to the group of five intruders. As the five men made their up to the DNC office on the sixth floor of the concerned building, they placed recording tapes across the doors opening to the stairway on every floor. This would prevent the door from locking, thus leaving a route for the burglars to escape in case of any trouble. However, one of the security guards of the building found out this anomaly and informed the police. The Police arrived immediately and arrested the five men from the DNC office. The policemen were in plain clothes, and so the burglars’ watchmen were not alerted in time to inform the intruders of the lurking danger. The actual identities of the seven men were revealed after their arrest and none of them were common thieves. The group was led by G. Gordin Liddy and E. Howard Hunt, both of whom were former agents of repu ted intelligence agencies of the US. Liddy was a retired agent of the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation, while Hunt had the experience of working with the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency). They were assisted by five other men in this burglary: James McCord bore the telephone bugs, Bernard Barker carried cameras to secure photographs of the confidential documents, Virgilio Gonzales was responsible for breaking the locks of

Exposed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exposed - Essay Example When they were not ready to co-operate with me, I complained to my supervisor, and the same is not against anyone, but against the misconduct of the whole group. In addition, I would seek help from the supervisor to resolve the conflict and I will be ready to co-operate with my co-workers. On the other side, I would advise Jane that one must not use email to discuss sensitive or private information with co-workers/ supervisors. One can see that Harold Grimes dealt with Jane’s grievance/complaint in a professional manner. But Alisha Jones circulated files including the company’s rules, added with Jane’s email. To be specific, Alisha Jones tried to convince the workers that one of them faces stress and alienation in his/her workplace. So, she forwarded the email as a proof. This increased the scope of further tension among the employees. So, I would advise Jane that email is not a safe mode of communication to discuss sensitive or private information with co-workers or supervisors. On the other side, she can directly contact Harold Grimes because his duty is to supervise the workers and to resolve the conflicts among them. First of all, I feel extremely sorry to say that I was forced to complain to our supervisor, on your rude behavior. You people were aware of the fact that I am a new member to our existing work team. I am not complaining, but pointing out some facts on workplace harassment/alienation face by me. You people had been together for a long time and it is your duty to amalgamate a new member to the core of the group. As far as I am concerned, I was so excited to work with an existing work team. But you people did not try to help me by sharing your own language and code of conduct with me. You people know that I tried my level best to co-operate, but for no use. For instance, you people used to share private

Economic Considerations, and not Justice, should be the Basis of Tort Essay

Economic Considerations, and not Justice, should be the Basis of Tort Law - Essay Example A tort is a common law that deals with resultant interactions between people. It is a civil wrong that mainly ensure the behaviors of an individual does not affect the well-being of another individual. A tort may not encompass an illegal activity, but it concentrates on the harm or loss an individual gets because of another individual action. It, therefore, helps people maintain their previous positions and status they enjoyed before the occurrence of the tort act. In a tort law, the tortfeasor is liable to reinstate the breach of an individual natural position through compensation mainly by monetary terms1. Various debates have prevailed on the intentions of tort law whether to restore justice or ensures people gain previous economic conditions. This is because tort suits make victims transfer problems to other people gaining previous positions while at the same time enduring justice. In as much as torts act as a form of justice, it basis should be economic considerations as justice remain relative through diverse societies. As opposed to common law, this guarantees punishment for the offender upon approval of offense; torts focus on judgment of liability. Concurrently, liability gets paid through economic means that cover compensatory damages to relieve the plaintiff. It is also significant to note that tort does not make judgments based on claims as opposed to criminal laws, which allow claims with support of evidence2. This, therefore, proves torts to be focusing on economic rejuvenation rather than ensuring justice for the offended parties. In an art, shell the argument attempt to reveal the intention of tarts laws, whether to ensure economic fairness of justice. Notably the economic discourse is coming into the forefront of tort law. As a result, many scholars have done proficient research on the arena to establish and gather evidence of the same. From the past, torts remain confused with the aspect of justice while, in real terms, they help restore econo mic lose suffered by the offended victims. They, therefore, are consequential economic loss experiences because of negligence causing a physical injury3. Coincidentally, confusion regarding tort based on justice rather than economic loss also arises due to strict liability accorded to torts. It, however, is essential to note that a difference regarding the economic nature of torts arises due to the strict liability characterized by tort laws. Consequently, torts are not diffusible by excuse or ordinary prudence a factor that approves torts to be focusing on economic justification. Therefore, in as much as torts act as a form of justice the main reason existing behind the action of torts remains economic reactivation4. Various theories can explain the reason why torts consider economic perspectives rather that justice. Deterrence theory, for instance, works on the basis that, for every action, there is equal and opposite reaction. Judging by the principles, deterrence theory ensures people who commit varied offenses remain responsible for their action through limiting future similar actions. From the perspective of this theory, torts subject people to reimbursement of the offended not to ensure justice, but ensure economic stability of the affected5. Consider a person affected by the actions a surrounding industry, which pollutes the immediate environments spreading diseases. The industry is responsible for spreading of diseases, therefore, is responsible for

The Adolescent Development Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Adolescent Development - Article Example It is said that 1 out of every 5 students enrolled in the public education system of the United States came from an immigrant family. This number is believed to be ever-increasing so much so that it is projected that by 2020 the ratio will be 1 out of 3. The subject of immigration comes along with a number of other debates that is indispensable when discussing the subject. The issue, no matter the stance is a different discussion altogether. Immigration is considered as the secondary reason for a nation’s increase in the population other than natural means. But the question on the other hand of the diversity in the development of adolescents belonging to this background is a concern that is not tackled as explicitly. The importance of understanding how they adapt and develop base on their varied personal history creates a necessity for the study thereof. How do the people around them respond to the different needs they require? In the same way that the query of how do these adolescents interact and differ from those who are around them, both in the question of their relations with peers and others, vary? Studies such as ‘Beyond the Family: Contexts of Immigrant Children's Development, New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development’ edited by Hirokazu Yoshikawa. Charles A. Ellwood’s ‘Sociology and Modern Social Problems’ will also be valuable in assessing the inherent sociological diversity at play in an adolescent’s life. Studies on adolescent development and immigration issues that go along with it available on www.cciserver.ums.maine.edu may also prove to be contributory for this research. â€Å"Do Undocumented Students Play by the Rules?† a journal article by Julian Jefferies will also be at hand as it contains information regarding the educational process of immigrant adolescents. Other related literature will also be reviewed for this study.  

The Greenhouse Effect Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Greenhouse Effect - Research Paper Example The greenhouse effect has an impact on the whole system of Global Warming and is considered an important ingredient which works towards this problem. A report published by the United Nations stated that livestock plays a major role in the emission of greenhouse gases and measures should be taken to reduce the livestock. This should be done by lowering the consumption of meat and dairy milk products. However, this view has been challenged by a report presented in the National Meeting of the American Chemical Society. They argue that livestock only has a minor role to play in increasing the greenhouse gases in comparison to the greenhouse gases emitted by transportation. According to this report, the factors which would reduce greenhouse effect is not related to livestock and hence livestock should not be targeted by the experts. They believe that if livestock is to be targeted then it would result in an even drastic effect in the developing countries. The experts believe that rather than reducing the consumption of livestock the measures should target the methods through which livestock is raised. The methods in processing meat related foods should be improvised such that the greenhouse gases emitted in the process are decreased. Currently, the developed countries have such measures through which they can avoid this and hence the developing countries should be targeted in this respect. The developed countries should be targeting their issue of transportation which emits a great number of greenhouse gases. Effective use of sources such as oil and coal should be achieved in these developed countries to reduce the greenhouse effect. In conclusion, it can be said that the livestock should be targeted in such a way that meat consumption should not be decreased but rather measures should be taken to raise effective livestock without decreased emission of greenhouse gases. On the other hand, Â  the most important factor that should be considered regarding the green house gases should be the transportation factor as discussed above.

Economic Trends of Global Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic Trends of Global Markets - Essay Example Lastly, major disruption in global energy supplies that â€Å"could be driven by conflict among key energy-producing states, sustained internal instability in two or more major energy-producing states, or major terrorist actions† (15). Why is the United States currently experiencing a major trade deficit? In March 2006, Robert Scott reported that the United States’ major trade deficit was caused by â€Å"rapid growth in the deficit on goods and services trade and large increase in unilateral transfers, which were temporarily reduced by payments from foreign insurers for losses caused by hurricanes Katrina and Rita in the third quarter.† Two-thirds of the increase in U.S. deficit was largely attributed to the rapidly rising oil prices and imports according to Scott. In addition, he also cited the rapid growth of interest payments to foreign holders of U.S. Treasury securities. Foreign holdings of these securities, whose interest rates are expected to rise as well, have increased by $ 108 billion in the last quarter of 2005 alone. Scott estimated that foreign borrowings made up for more than 80% of the federal debt increase. With the Asian governments’ bullish promotion of its export-led growth at the backdrop, Scott pointed that the 11% decline in the U.S. dollar’s value since the second quarter of 2002 was insufficient to slow the trade deficit’s growth. He added that â€Å"the dollar must fall by at least 30% to 40%† for the deficit to reach a sustainable level of less than 3% of the U.S. GDP. This would reduce export prices and achieve the needed increase in exports relative to imports. This scenario will likewise push up the prices of imports in the U.S. resulting to import reduction and a shift in demand favorable to U.S. products. Why are some observers optimistic about the long-term trade position of the United State

Understand the attributes and skills of a leader Essay

Understand the attributes and skills of a leader - Essay Example They follow it up by the creation of a plan, monitoring and control of activities and then reporting and reviewing the entire process (Braun, et al., 2014). The managers for the group are responsible for the establishment of communication standards, group approach, anticipation and resolution of group conflicts, monitoring and maintaining ethics, discipline and integrity. Moreover, they are responsible for the development of group capability, maturity, team-spirit, morale, cooperation and team working, and they monitor all the process going on in the group (Adair, 2015). For the guidance of the team and the organization, the setup of effective objectives is very crucial for a leader. If the objectives are formulated badly, they can lead the entire organization in the direction that is wrong. In order to setup the SMART objectives, here is what needs to be done (Bill, 2004). Before starting on the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely) objectives, the first thing that needs to be done is the distinguishing between the aims and objectives, and targets and goals. Objectives are supposed to be the battle-plans while the goals and aims are supposed to be aspiration-related. The best way to use the SMART technique is actually using it as MARST instead (Wolf & Akkaraju, 2014). Measure the objectives that you can achieve, by counting the evidences. Then, link the measurable with the achievable, because there is no point spending time on objectives that cannot be achieved. Follow the achievable with the realistic, because if the objectives are not realistic, they will not be achievable. After that worry about the specifications of the objectives, and then set timely deadlines for achieving the objectives in that specific timeframe (Reber, 2014). I worked on a team that had concerns that few team members were putting in limited efforts and imparting a negative impact on the rest

Creative writing assignment Essay Example for Free

Creative writing assignment Essay To describe myself in three adjectives, one of the words would have to be that Im ambitious. To be ambitious is to be eager and greatly desirous. For example, I play on an ice hockey team and lots, if not all, are all skating drills where its really tiring, but yet, the day before practices, I am always excited and eager to play the next day, where I no that many other players hate going to practices. Another example would be that I make many goals that I always try my best to achieve which most of the time motivate me to try even harder. For example, at the beginning of grade seven, I made a goal to be on the honor roll while being on as many school teams as possible for each of my years at junior high, and I achieved that goal with flying colors. This year, my goal is to make it on the honor roll once again and also to be on the junior volleyball school team, and by making that a goal for me, it makes me try even harder to achieve it. The second word I would use to describe myself would be trustworthy. To be trustworthy is to be reliable and to be worthy of confidence. I use this word to describe myself because I am the kind of person that you can trust with anything from something in words or something material. If someone were to tell me something with confidence that I wouldnt tell another person, that someone wouldnt have to worry because I would never break the trust that that someone puts in me. If someone has enough confidence in me to tell me something or ask me to hold something for him or her, it shows me that they have trust in me, to me, that is a big complement, and if I were to break that trust, I would lose that complement forever. For example, my parents trust me enough to stay home alone from time to time, and the only reason they do is because I havent broken their trust before. The third and final word I would use to describe myself is athletic. Unlike the other adjectives I used, athletic is a word that always pops into my head whenever I am asked to describe myself. Although it isnt as deep as the other two, I felt the need to put it as one of my three adjectives because without it, it just doesnt feel like me. The reason I use this word to describe myself is simple, because I play a lot of sports and I enjoy them more then anything. Ive been athletic about all my life, and I feel it is important for everyone to be physically fit especially while youre young, it  makes u feel better about yourself and even has many long term life saving effects.

Altruism Is Ultimately Selfish Essay Example for Free

Altruism Is Ultimately Selfish Essay Discuss the proposal that pure selfless altruism does not exist. Bartel (1976) defines prosocial behaviour as ‘behaviour that intentionally helps or benefits another person’. Batson (1987) defines altruism as ‘helping another person for no reward, and even at some cost to oneself.’ This definition of altruism seemingly depicts the behaviour as selfless, however there is a wealth of research which suggests that this is not the case. Dawkins (1976) also provides evidence that altruism is ultimately selfish. He separated individuals into three categories in regards to prosocial behaviour displayed. These were grudgers, cheats and suckers. Grudgers were deemed to be the most evolutionary stable category, as they could control and ‘punish’ cheats (who seek out and accept the help of others without returning the help) and could coexist with suckers (who indiscriminately provide others with help). This therefore provides support for the sociobiological view of prosocial behaviour, that it is ultimately selfish as its aim is to promote gene survival. However, this theory can only work if we know one’s altruistic or egoistic behaviour, and so Many studies have shown that we will only help others if we believe they would also help us. Clutton-Brock and Palmer (1995) found altruism to be conditional, which suggests that it therefore cannot be selfless. However, this can only work if we know one’s altruistic or egoistic behaviour, and so cannot benefit evolution if we do not (Mifune et al. 2010) This view is supported by the Social Norm approach. The Social Norm approach argues that altruism is based on reciprocity and equity. Equity theory states that we consider interactions to be fair if the outcomes are equally proportionate to the inputs (Wagstaff, 2001). A limitation of this theory is that Buunk et al (2012) found it difficult to apply to intimate relationships. A further limitation is that positive inputs could yield negative results, which is not fair or just (Wagstaff, 2001). An amendment to this theory by Wagstaff and Perfect (1993, 2001) ensured that good inputs can only be returned with rewards, and negative inputs can only be returned with punishments. There is evidence to suggest that people do operate by this model (Wagstaff, 2001) which implies that decisions of whether to display prosocial behaviour are weighted in fairness, meaning that altruistic acts may only be displayed if the individual perceives it to be fair to others. Cialdini and Kendrick (1976) devised the Negative state relief model to offer a possible explanation of altruism. This suggests that we help others to relieve negative feelings. This has been supported by Piliavin (1981) who argued in his Arousal: Cost reward model that negative feelings, such as guilt, instigate negative arousal and therefore people may provide others with help to alleviate this negative emotion. Both of these models suggest that we are helping others to help ourselves, which supports the claim that true, s elfless altruism does not exist. However, other research has found that helping behaviour increases in correlation with positive mood states (Isen, 1999). Even so, Carlson (1988) argues that this could be due to an individuals drive to prolong their good mood state by helping others. One limitation of this view is that it assumes that helping is a rewarding behaviour. Another norm in respect to prosocial behaviour is social responsibility, which can be defined as helping those in need. Altruistic or prosocial acts tend to be more frequent towards ingroup (such as friends and family) than outgroup members (Cohen, 1978; Mifune et al, 2010.) Burnstein (2005) found that identical twins are more likely to help (94%) than fraternal twins (46%) which supports this hypothesis. There is also evidence to suggest that kidney donors are three times more likely to donate to relatives than nonrelatives (Borgida et al, 1992; Axelrod et al 2010). These findings suggest that altruistic acts are not purely selfless; seeing our friends and families in pain increases our own personal negative affect, and so we are more motivated to help them than we would be strangers. However evidence suggests that social responsibility can be diffused. This reduces helping behaviour within groups. Latane and Darley (1970) coined the terms pluralistic ignorance (not helping because it appears that no one else is concerned) and diffusion of responsibility (the tendency to believe that someone else must be dealing with the situation). This lack of helping behaviour in group situations shows that prosocial behaviour cannot be explained by social responsibility alone and so do individuals who help despite the above effects show more selflessly altruistic tendencies? Further evidence against selfless altruism comes from the evidence that individual attributes appear to effect prosocial and altruistic behaviour being displayed. Ruggiero et al (1981) found that taller, heavier and physically stronger people are more likely to put themselves in harm’s way to help others in an emergency. This would suggest that an individual has first considered the cost to themselves of helping, meaning their act would not be selflessly altruistic. One contrast to this theory is that this body type closely resembles Sheldon’s (1942) mesomorph body type; who was claimed to be more likely to have tendencies towards violent crime. Pantin and carver (1982) found that participants were more likely to help a choking confederate after three weeks first aid training than without it. Also, Eisenberg-Berg (1979) found that prosocial behaviour increases if a person believes their fate to be within their own control, and if the person has mature moral judgement. This again implies that an individual tends to consider their own competency and implications of helping others prior to doing so, again raising doubts over the existence of selfless altruism. However Batson et al (1987; 2003) claim that true, selfless altruism does exist; and that it is motivated by empathy. Batson claims that if helping is motivated by relieving personal distress, an individual could simply flee the scene., yet true empathic concern for another cannot be alleviated by escaping. In his study, Batson assigned participants to high and low empathy conditions, and easy or difficult to escape conditions; to leave after two trials or ten trials respectively. He also gave participants the option of changing places with the victim after two trials. When escape was easy, individuals with low empathic concern escaped the situation. However those with high empathic concern stayed and changed places with the victim. Batson claimed this to be true altruism. Traits such as aggression and dominance are associated with reduced empathy , and individuals with these traits have been shown to show less prosocial behaviour than those without them (Eisenberg et al, 2010). However empathy can be perceived as creating a negative affect such as guilt if help was not offered, and this negative state would be beneficial for an individual to relieve; therefore helping another individual with whom you have empathy for can relieve negative emotion in oneself, and can even instigate positive affect and/ or mood. This supports Pilliavin’s (1981) Arousal: Cost reward model and Cialdini and Kendrick’s (1976) Negative state relief model and therefore provides evidence that selfless altruism does not exist. In contrast, Batson (1989) found that people were not more likely to help others when informed that doing so would gi ve them access to a mood enhancing procedure. The finding that reciprocal altruism can be learned (Rachlin, 2003) raises an interesting question of whether it can be unlearned. Warnekin and Tomasello (2008) found 36 20 month old toddlers who consistently helped by picking up an object. Some were rewarded after showing this behaviour. They found that the children who were rewarded decreased this behaviour unless they were rewarded for it again; whereas the toddlers who were given no reward were more likely to continue helping. In support of this, Knafo, Schwartz and Levine (2009) found that in countries were individuals are raised to be helpful, there was a reduced tendency to help out group members. As helping in group members is more likely to relieve negative affect than helping outgroup members, this could be viewed as a reduced tendency to display altruistic behaviour. These studies raise the question as to whether it is possible that true altruism does exist, and whether theories such as social learning theory may play a role on its nurturance or demise within a culture or group. Sabini (1995) stated that if true altruism exists, it excludes any rational reasons for helping others, be it extrinsic or intrinsic rewards. In fact according to the sociobiological principle, it would be evolutionarily weak to be selflessly altruistic, as we may become like Dawkin’s ‘suckers’ helping cheats to prosper. This provides further evidence that selfless altruism does not exist; as we would not be able to grow and prosper as a society. In conclusion, the majority of evidence suggests that true altruism does not exist.

Students Perception Toward The Learning Of Ict Education Essay

Students Perception Toward The Learning Of Ict Education Essay The undersigned have examined the thesis entitled A comparison of students perception and satisfaction toward the learning of ICT employing blended learning and traditional face-to-face instruction at Satit Bilingual School of Rangsit University. presented by CARLOS J. VEGA, a candidate for the degree of Master of Science in eLearning Methodology and hereby certify that it is worthy of acceptance. Teachers all over the world design develop and implement innovative teaching methods in order to capture students interests. Sometimes these initiatives are also undertaken to address subject related issues. The author has encountered many problems in the teaching of ICT in the last 5 years. In this research, Blended Learning was implemented in primary school ICT lessons to measure students perception towards this approach. We have seen an increase in many countries on the use of ICT in schools. It seems schools are moving away from blackboards, a projector and a television to an increase on the use of the internet, interactive boards and e-learning. In England, for example, the government feels that it is critical that all schools are able to expand the use of ICT, so it is not only those who have access to these technologies the ones who benefit (DfEE 2001). Furthermore, very little studies have been done at the Primary School level as to the perception of students towards the use of e-learning and also the use of blended learning to teach the subject of ICT. This research is a way to demonstrate whether or not the use of Blended Learning in the teaching of ICT has any effect in the perception of Primary School students when learning the subject of ICT. Research Questions Is there a statistical difference between Thai primary school students perception towards the use of blended learning and the use of face to face instruction in ICT class? What is the students perception towards learning ICT using both traditional face to face and blended learning methods? Importance of the Study This research aims to explore the Primary school students perception towards learning an ICT course using Blended Learning vs Face to Face learning and examines the qualitative data gathered after the experiment. This type of research would be a pioneering research project at Satit Bilingual School of Rangsit University (SBS), Thailand for studying the efficiency and effectiveness of the Blended Learning system. This research compares Blended Learning with traditional face to face teaching in ICT class. The results of this study will be used to develop more effective Blended Learning systems. There is a trend in education to use technology as a means to enhance or, sometimes, teach entire courses fully online or as integration in the classroom. Some problems in a traditional classroom setting can be, lack of teacher attention, boredom, outdated knowledge, and inappropriateness for a diverse population (Gardiner, 1997; Hara Kling, 1999). Researchers support concepts such as active learning, student-centered principles, effective use of technology, and collaborative learning (American Psychological Association, 1997; Bonk and Kim, 1998). There are expectations that technology and e-learning will transform education. The demand for the use of technology in education and e-learning has affected developing countries in South East Asia, such as Thailand. Therefore, it is important for educators to explore students attitudes towards and experience of new technology such as Blended Learning. The authors problems stem from the teaching of ICT and the complexity of keeping students attention and interest while teaching two skills at the same time. The challenge with teaching ICT lies in that there are cognitive as well as psychomotor skills that need to be learned at the same time. It proves almost impossible to do both and keep the learners attention on the task. The authors experience is that in order to do both the lesson has to be constantly interrupted because it is too difficult for the students to remember all things taught, and also there are different levels of skills in the same classroom and it proves almost impossible to go at a pace that satisfies all students. There will always be ones that can keep up, ones that are slow and ones that do not understand at all. Assumption Blended Learning is a way to give students an opportunity to practice and learn the skills taught at the same time and at their own pace. Definition of Terms What is e-learning? ELearning is learning at all levels, be it formal or informal, that uses a network, wsuch as a intranet (LAN), WAN or the Internet, for the delivery of courses and learning. So, what is elearning? Very simply, elearning is utilizing technology to increase the effectiveness and accessibility of learning. This may include CD ROMs, or a discussion thread to enrich a regular classroom, or a course delivered completely online. All other terms related to learning are subsets of elearning. What is blended learning? Another term that is gaining currency is blended learning. This refers to learning models that combine traditional classroom practice with e-learning solutions. For example, students in a traditional class can be assigned both print-based and online materials, have online mentoring sessions with their teacher through chat, and are subscribed to a class email list. Or a Web-based training course can be enhanced by periodic face-to-face instruction. Blending was prompted by the recognition that not all learning is best achieved in an electronically-mediated environment, particularly one that dispenses with a live instructor altogether. Instead, consideration must be given to the subject matter, the learning objectives and outcomes, the characteristics of the learners, and the learning context in order to arrive at the optimum mix of instructional and delivery methods. What is Face to Face instruction? Face to face instruction refers to any learning where the instructor and the student are in the same classroom at the same time in a traditional classroom setting. The definition of traditional education varies greatly with geography and by historical period. The chief business of traditional education is to transmit to a next generation those skills, facts, and standards of moral and social conduct that adults deem to be necessary for the next generations material and social success (Dewey, 1938). As beneficiaries of this scheme, which educational progressivist John Dewey described as being imposed from above and from outside, the students are expected to docilely and obediently receive and believe these fixed answers. Teachers are the instruments by which this knowledge is communicated and these standards of behavior are enforced (Dewey, 1938). Historically, the primary educational technique of traditional education was simple oral recitation (Beck, 2009). In a typical approach, students sat quietly at their places and listened to one individual after another recited his or her lesson, until each had been called upon. The teachers primary activity was assigning and listening to these recitations; students studied at home. A test might be given at the end of a unit, and the process, which was called assignment-study-recitation-test, was repeated. In addition to its overemphasis on verbal answers, reliance on rote memorization (mindless memorization with no effort at understanding the meaning), and disconnected, unrelated assignments, it was also an extremely inefficient use of students and teachers time. It also insisted that all students be taught the same materials at the same point; students that did not learn quickly enough failed, rather than being allowed to succeed at their natural speeds. This approach, which had bee n imported from Europe, dominated American education until the end of the 19th century, when the reform movement imported progressive education techniques from Europe (Beck, 2009). CHAPTER II Hypothesis Students will have a positive attitude and have a preference towards the use of Blended Learning instead of face to face learning in the teaching of ICT. Background and Literature Review The increase in the use of technology has impacted our everyday lives and developing countries, such as Thailand, are also seeing an increase in the demand for use of technologies. The demand for the use of eLearning has increased. According to IDC Research, an increase of 30 percent in yearly spending on eLearning was expected by 2008, which is an increase from 14 billion dollars in 2004 (SmartPros, 2005). In Thailand, there is a target from the government to boost ICT literacy and computer use. A Smarter Thailand with Smarter People and a Smarter Government this is the main goal of Thailands second Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plan for 2009-2013, drafted by the National Electronic and Computer Technology Center. The initiative from the ICT Ministry in Thailand to encourage 50 percent of the population over the age of 15 to be ICT literate and be able to use computers in their everyday lives and enable to country to become a major competitor in the global market. According to Assoc Prof Dr Thanomporn Laohajaratsang, director of Chiang Mai Universitys Information Technology Service Centre, Progress in the use of ICT in education has been very slow and uneven. Its utilization lacks continuity in terms of government support, budget and professional development. (TAN, L. C., et al., 2009). In 1984, computers were introduced to Thailand in the study of mathematics. Studies show that the achievements of Thai students in the core subjects at both primary (prathom) and secondary (mathayom) schools were below the international averages. The findings prompted several education reforms, with ICT seen as an innovative intervention to help develop a knowledge-based society. (TAN, L. C., et al., 2009). The first ICT Master Plan in 2002 and the current ICT Master Plan are seen as instruments for providing vision and strategies for the use of learning technologies to improve the quality of education in the country. According to the vice-president of the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching and Technology Dr Pornpun Waitayangkoon, the government in Thailand does not provide enough funds to meet the ICT needs. Also, the Ministry of Educations Model ICT Schools project aims to make student-centered learning a reality and the Cyber University project tries to provide more opportunities for distance higher education. To support these efforts, more online teaching and learning resources are encouraged and increased. A recent sample survey suggested the following issues for Thai educational professionals to contemplate (Unesco, 2003): Much of the current use of ICT in the classroom still focuses on the drill and practice type of learning. There would appear to be an inadequate basic infrastructure. Lack of technical support. Integration of ICT in the teaching of subjects has been weak. The absence of policies and management support. There is also a lack of research concerning the use of Blended Learning in primary school. Most research regarding online or Blended Learning focus on tertiary education institutions. Some research has been done in the teaching of various subjects with secondary school students. An example of this would be the development and research of the Getsmart website (Chandra et al., 2009). The study showed that the website enabled them to undertake learning activities at their own pace and convenience. The results of this study were positive towards the used of Blended Learning in a high school environment. However, this research represents the reason for further research. The students in this study were in high school and it focused on junior science and physics. This type of research is typical of the research found. There is no evidence to show if the use of Blended Learning is useful in a primary school environment and how it can be used in the teaching of the subject of ICT. Hybrid or blended learning environments seem to be less controversial than pure e-learning courses and less likely to be resisted by academic staff in the tertiary sector (Young, 2002; Bonk, Kim and Zeng, 2006). There is still a believe that a teacher relating to a student face to face is the simplest and least expensive way for a teacher to establish a relationship with the student (Fungaroli-Sargent, 2000). The pure e-learning proponents may now acknowledge the merits of a blended approach as the pure e-learning model may still be viewed with some skepticism. This move towards Blended Learning has happened quietly with most tertiary institutions adopting a blended approach to eLearning without great publicity. A study conducted in Taiwanese schools find that there was a direct correlation between student satisfaction in the face to face or real world classroom and enjoyment of the web-based learning, which implies that the right mix or blending can be satisfying to students (She an d Fisher, 2003). There is a need for a teacher present in the classroom to not only teach but entertain, convey enthusiasm, expertise, experience and context (Bersin, 2004), things that may be difficult to convey in a pure eLearning environment. Students appear to appreciate the face to face lectures by the teacher when they occur less frequently within a blended learning environment. This shows that a face to face environment is not necessarily the best or the standard by which everything should be measured. Depending on the course, the mix of face to face and online may differ. Allowing the teacher full control over their courses is important to allow the teacher to decide what is that best mix for his/her particular course (Young, 2002). Review of literature on online learning show that the research is mostly focused on the outcomes of learning rather than the process of learning (Cumming et al., 2002; Gudzial and Turn, 2000; Hara and Kling, 1999; Hendrinks and Maor, 2003). These types of research then focus, primarily, on quantitative data that measures scores and learning outcomes rather than how the learner interprets or views his learning experience. The author, therefore, is taking a qualitative approach to this research to observe and test a Blended Learning environment in a primary school setting to shed light on perception and experience of the blended learning and find an optimal mix for the learning of ICT. Blended Learning is a type of approach to eLearning. ELearning is the delivery of any learning by electronic means. E-learning involves the use of a computer or electronic device (e.g. a mobile phone) in some way to provide training, educational or learning material. (Stockley 2003). There are different types of eLearning and these can be categorized by the students degree of interactivity, students time of presence and blending approach to name a few. For the purposes of this research, the author will take a blending approach to eLearning, meaning that it blends the approach using face to face as well as online learning. According to a report published by the Sloan Consortium entitled Blending In: The Extent and Promise of Blended Education in the United States, Blended Learning is divided into four types: Table 1: Types of Blended Learning (Sloan-C, 2007) Proportion of Content Delivered Online Type of Course Description 0% Traditional Content delivered either orally or written with no technology used. 1 to 29% Web Facilitated Essentially a face to face course that uses technology, such as a webpage, to post a syllabus or an assignment. 30 to 79% Blended Learning/Hybrid It blends face to face and online instruction. A substantial proportion is delivered through electronic means. 80% to 100% Online Most or all of the content is delivered online with little or no face to face meetings. A blended learning approach can combine face-to-face instruction with computer-mediated instruction. It also applies science or IT activities with the assistance of educational technologies using computer, cellular or iPhones, Satellite television channels, videoconferencing and other emerging electronic media. Learners and teachers work together to improve the quality of learning and teaching, the ultimate aim of blended learning being to provide realistic practical opportunities for learners and teachers to make learning independent, useful, sustainable and ever growing (Graham, 2005). Conceptual Framework This research attempts to find if a students learning experience in ICT is affected by the use of face to face vs blended learning in the teaching of ICT. Independent variables: Blended learning instruction in ICT class. Face to Face learning instruction in ICT class. Dependent variables: Students perception towards the use of blended learning in ICT. Students perception towards the use of face to face instruction in ICT. Students perception towards the learning experience in ICT. The following is a schematic representation of the variables. The aim is to investigate students perception of their learning in ICT using two different delivery methods, Face to Face instruction and Blended Learning. Then, gather qualitative data to determine if the method of delivery influences their perception of the learning experience in ICT class. Figure 1: Conceptual Framework underlying the relationship between variables. Perception of the learning experience in ICT class Perception of the learning experience using blended learning in ICT class Blended Learning instruction in ICT. Perception of the learning experience using face to face learning in ICT class Face to face instruction in ICT. CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY CHAPTER IV RESULTS CHAPTER V CONCLUSION REFERENCES American Psychological Association (1997). Learner-centered psychological principles: A framework for school redesign and reform. http://www.apa.org/ed/lcp.html 2/9/2003. Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) 2001 Curriculum Online a consultation paper. DfEE, London Beck, Robert H. (2009). The Three Rs Plus: What Todays Schools are Trying to Do and Why. U of Minnesota Press. pp.  3-6. Bersin, J. (2004) The blended learning book: Best practices, proven methodologies, and lessons learned, Pfeiffer, San Francisco. Bonk, C., Kim, K. J., and Zeng, T. (2006) Future directions of blended learning in higher education and workplace learning settings. In C. Bonk and C. Graham, The handbook of blended learning: Global perspectives local designs. San Francisco: Pfeiffer, 550-567. Cummings, J. A., Bonk, C. J. and Jacobs, F. R. (2002). Twenty-first century college syllabi: Options for online communication and interactivity. The Internet and Higher Education, 5 (1), 1-19. Dewey, John (1938). Experience and education. Kappa Delta Pi. pp.  1-5. Fungaroli Sargent, C. (2000) Traditional degrees for non-traditional students: How to earn a top diploma from Americas great colleges at any age, Farrar, Straus Giroux, New York. Gardiner, L. F. (1997). Producing dramatic increase in student learning: Can we do it? National Teaching and Learning Forum, 6 (2), 8-10. Graham, C. R. (2005). Blended learning systems: Definition, current trends, and future directions.. in Bonk, C. J.; Graham, C. R.. Handbook of blended learning: Global perspectives, local designs. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer. pp. 3-21. Gudzial, M., and Turns, J. (2000). Effective discussion through a computer-mediated anchored forum. The Journal of Learning Science, 9 (4), 437-69. Gunawardena, C. N., Lowe, C.A., and Anderson, T. (1997). Analysis of an online global debate and the development of an interaction analysis model for examining social construction of knowledge in computer conferencing. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 17 (4), 397-431. Hara, N., and Kling, R. (1999). Students Frustrations with Web-Based Distance Education Courses. http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue4_12/hara/index.html 1/10/2003. Hara, N., Bonk, C. J., and Angeli, C. (2000). Content analysis of online discussion in an applied educational psychology course. Instructional Science, 28 (2), 115-52. Hendriks, V., and Maor, D. (2003). Qualitative methods in evaluating the quality of online learning. World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunication. http://dll.aace.org/13307 7/9/2003 Ramage, T.. (2001). The No Significant Difference Phenomenon: A Literature Review. e-Journal of Instructional Science and Technology . 5 (1) She, H. C. and Fisher, D. (2003) Web-based e-learning environments in Taiwan: The impact of the online science flash program on students learning, In M.S. Khine D. Fisher, Technology-rich learning environments: A future perspective, Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 343-365. SmartPros Editorial Staff. (7 January 2005 ). E-learning Demand to Double in 2005. Available: http://accounting.smartpros.com/x46477.xml. Last accessed 17 February 2010. TAN, L. C., MANOWALAILAO, R. (2009 , July 28). Bangkok Post. A smarter Thailand through ICT , p. 1. Unesco, (2003). Strengthening ICT in Schools and SchoolNet Project in the ASEAN Setting,Experts Meeting for Documenting Experiences in the Use of ICT in Education and SchoolNet Operations: 7-8 July 2003. University of Minesota, Duluth. (11 February 2010). Web Design Glossary. Available: http://www.d.umn.edu/itss/support/Training/Online/webdesign/glossary/i.html. Last accessed 17 February 2010. Young, J. R. (2002) Hybrid teaching seeks to end the divide between traditional and online instruction, The Chronicle of Higher Education, 48, 28, A33-A34. Appendix A Type or paste your appendices here. Appendices are a place to organize and include all of the extra material that is important to your research work but that is too detailed for the main text. Examples can include: specific analytical methods, computer code, spreadsheets of data, details of statistical analyses, etc. But, these materials do not speak for themselves. There should be a reference to these materials from the main chapters (complete details included in Appendix A) and there should be some text at the beginning of each appendix to briefly explain what the information is and means that is included in that appendix.

Phantom Limbs Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Phantom Limbs Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) is a serious condition that occurs when a person who has lost a part of their body though amputation, trauma (brachial plexus), or loss of nervous connections in an appendage, perceives that the limb is still there and experiences sensations coming from this area. It was first described in 1866 by S. Weir Mitchell, an American neurologist, through a short story published in Atlantic Monthly. While Mitchell may then have wondered if this was specific to wounded Civil War soldiers, it has since been established as quite common (1). Over 70% of amputees report phantom limb pain for years after amputation (2). Several theories have been proposed regarding PLP, although there is still much to be learned and understood. Early physicians believed that phantom limb sensations were caused by severed nerves that fired randomly, sending signals to the somatosensory cortex re-creating sensations seemingly coming from the missing limb. However, this theory was soon disprov ed when surgeons tried unsuccessfully to eradicate these sensations by cutting the nerves leading to the neuromas, preventing the neuromal signals from reaching the cortex. Researchers then began to concentrate on the role of the spinal cord in PLP, but realized that paraplegics with completely severed spinal cords still experienced sensations where their limbs had been (5). Focus then turned to the brain and its role. Until the mid 1980's, it was widely believed that once neural pathways were placed during fetal development, these pathways did not change and were not altered in any recognizable way (3). However, recent studies have shown that the brain has a high degree of plasticity into adulthood, which allows it to continuall... ...opens the doors to looking at the neuromatrix and corollary discharge signals in the brain and the influence that these prewired expectations may have on the body, especially pain. These ideas are the key to providing long-term pain management for PLP patients. Works Cited: 1. Yang, Tony T., Gallen C., Schwartz, B., Bloom, F.E., Ramachandran, S. Cobb, "Sensory Maps in the Human Brain," Nature, vol. 368, 14 April 1994: 592-593. http://zygote.swarthmore.edu/axon6.html 2. Flor, H., Elbert,T., Knecht, S., Wienbruch, C., Pantev, C., Birbaumer, N., Larbig, W., Taub, E., "Phantom Limb Pain as a Perceptual Correlate of Cortical Reorganization Following Arm Amputation," Nature, vol. 375, 8 June 1995: 482-483. http://www.bfe.org/protocol/pro05eng.htm 3. Grobstein, Paul, Class Lecture. Neurobiology and Behavior. Bryn Mawr College. February and April 1998. Phantom Limbs Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers Phantom Limbs Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) is a serious condition that occurs when a person who has lost a part of their body though amputation, trauma (brachial plexus), or loss of nervous connections in an appendage, perceives that the limb is still there and experiences sensations coming from this area. It was first described in 1866 by S. Weir Mitchell, an American neurologist, through a short story published in Atlantic Monthly. While Mitchell may then have wondered if this was specific to wounded Civil War soldiers, it has since been established as quite common (1). Over 70% of amputees report phantom limb pain for years after amputation (2). Several theories have been proposed regarding PLP, although there is still much to be learned and understood. Early physicians believed that phantom limb sensations were caused by severed nerves that fired randomly, sending signals to the somatosensory cortex re-creating sensations seemingly coming from the missing limb. However, this theory was soon disprov ed when surgeons tried unsuccessfully to eradicate these sensations by cutting the nerves leading to the neuromas, preventing the neuromal signals from reaching the cortex. Researchers then began to concentrate on the role of the spinal cord in PLP, but realized that paraplegics with completely severed spinal cords still experienced sensations where their limbs had been (5). Focus then turned to the brain and its role. Until the mid 1980's, it was widely believed that once neural pathways were placed during fetal development, these pathways did not change and were not altered in any recognizable way (3). However, recent studies have shown that the brain has a high degree of plasticity into adulthood, which allows it to continuall... ...opens the doors to looking at the neuromatrix and corollary discharge signals in the brain and the influence that these prewired expectations may have on the body, especially pain. These ideas are the key to providing long-term pain management for PLP patients. Works Cited: 1. Yang, Tony T., Gallen C., Schwartz, B., Bloom, F.E., Ramachandran, S. Cobb, "Sensory Maps in the Human Brain," Nature, vol. 368, 14 April 1994: 592-593. http://zygote.swarthmore.edu/axon6.html 2. Flor, H., Elbert,T., Knecht, S., Wienbruch, C., Pantev, C., Birbaumer, N., Larbig, W., Taub, E., "Phantom Limb Pain as a Perceptual Correlate of Cortical Reorganization Following Arm Amputation," Nature, vol. 375, 8 June 1995: 482-483. http://www.bfe.org/protocol/pro05eng.htm 3. Grobstein, Paul, Class Lecture. Neurobiology and Behavior. Bryn Mawr College. February and April 1998.

The Plausibility of Artificial Intelligence Essay -- Science Scientifi

The Plausibility of Artificial Intelligence Can mankind create intelligence? Can the dream of artificial intelligence ever be realized? Is it possible to formulate intelligence out of inorganic matter? In this paper, I intend to show that artificial intelligence is indeed attainable, that it is within the capacity of human intelligence to fashion intelligence out of non-living materials. Let me begin with one of the major theories concerning the philosophy of artificial intelligence: The Church-Turing thesis. The Church-Turing thesis is the brainchild of Alan Turing and Alonzo Church. It concerns the concepts of â€Å"effective† and â€Å"mechanical† in logic and mathematics. Both Turing and Church reached the hypothesis independently and in different forms. But both forms confront similar issues and the general form is known as the ‘Church-Turing thesis’. In general, the thesis asserts that a machine can execute all processes that are ‘mechanical’[1]. Clearly, there is some ambiguity in this statement. What is meant by mechanical? What is meant by machine? ‘Mechanical’ (or ‘effective’ as Turing sometimes uses) is used in a very strict sense. A process that is mechanical must satisfy the following four properties. First, it must be set out in terms of a finite number of exact instructions. Each instruction must in turn contain a finite number of symbols. Second, if carried out properly, it must produce the desired result in a finite number of steps (a finite amount of time). Third, in practice or in principle, it must be able to be carried out by a human being unaided by any machinery (except paper, pencil, etc.). And finally, it must not demand any insight or ingenuity on the part of the human bei... ...l> (visited 06 Dec. 2002) [4] P. Millican and A. Clark, ed. The Legacy of Alan Turing [5] Herken, Rolf, ed. The Universal Turing Machine: a half-century survey [6] P. Millican and A. Clark, ed. The Legacy of Alan Turing [7] Hofstadter, Douglas. Godel, Escher, Bach: and eternal golden braid. (pg 561) [8] see Hofstadter (pg. 18, 438, 561, 738-739) [9] Hofstadter (pg. 561) [10] Garson, James. â€Å"Connectionism† Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 19 Aug. 2002. < http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/connectionism/> (visited 06 Dec. 2002) [11] Garson, James. â€Å"Connectionism† Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [12] Srinivasa Rao, K. Srinivasa Ramanujan : a mathematical (East West Books, c1998) [13] Miller, Leon K., Musical savants : exceptional skill in the mentally retarded. (Hillsdale, N.J : L. Erlbaum, 1989.)

Racial Prejudice in French and British Immigration Policy Essay example

Racial Prejudice in French and British Immigration Policy FRANCE AND BRITAIN TODAY ARE SHADOWS OF THE GREAT COLONIAL EMPIRES they once dominated, yet the consequences of their imperial acquisitions continue to linger as both countries seek to moderate the immigration of persons from countries once part of vast imperial collections.   In general, there is little public concern when an immigrant hails from Canada or Australia or another ‘white’ dominion.   It’s a different reaction, however, when it’s a low-skilled black immigrant from Algeria or the Caribbean.   This ‘reaction’ by both the general public and policy-makers results in immigration legislation that unduly discriminates on the basis of race, ethnicity, and national origin. It is recognized that countries cannot have full open-door immigration policies as the effects on national well-being would be staggering.   There is, however, a great deal of latitude for countries to shape policies that provide equal-opportunity for migrants without regard for race, ethnicity, or national origin, or, on the contrary, to enact legislation that discriminates on the basis of these attributes.   In the case of Britain and France during the past 40 years, immigration policies have drifted from the latter to the former, without fully characterizing either of these two extremes. During the latter half of the twentieth century, strong anti-black and anti-minority sentiment has been veiled in the form of anti-immigration stances by leading political parties in both France and Britain.   These positions were regulated in both countries by public sentiment, party power, and the economic well-being of the country.   In the case of France, however, the emergence of the prominent French nat... ..., is not foreseeable. It is lamentable that the immigration policies of France and Britain have become so restrictive during the past 40 years, but one can only hope that the next 40, whether as individual states or in unison as EU members, bring a gradual decline in the racially prejudicial nature of French and British immigration policy.    Works Cited ‘Background to British National Law.’   Britain in the USA.   British Information Services.   19 July 1998.   . Hargreaves, Alec G.   Immigration, ‘Race’ and Ethnicity in Contemporary France.   London:   Routledge, 1995. Miles, Robert.   ‘The Articulation of Racism & Nationalism.’   Racism & Migration in Western Europe.   Ed. John Solomos and John Wrench.   Oxford:   Berg, 1993. Solomos, John.   Race & Racism in Britain.   New York:   St. Martin’s Press, 1993.

La Lodge and Entr’acte

I think that the poem entr'acte describes the painting very well. It brings across the feelings of the two people in it in a very good and sensitive way. Firstly the title of the poem -‘entr'acte' makes the poem sound elegant and impressive, or even sophisticated. The title means in between acts which describes the painting very well because she is just sitting there and he has his eyes on things completely away from the stage. Entr'acte also sounds a bit like ‘attract' so maybe that has something to do with it. At the start of the poem it says ‘the cuff links whispers to the glove, such elegance and all for love' I think in These lines the man speaking and he is saying to himself how elegant he is in his suit, (maybe he is being vain) and he how has done it all for love, maybe the love of the woman sitting in front of him or maybe the women he is looking at through his binoculars. Then in the second stanza ‘the glove confesses to the glass, oh how slowly five acts pass.' I think that it is the woman speaking about herself and how slowly five acts pass. Maybe the five acts pass slowly because she is not interested in the performance and is bored or maybe it is because she is waiting for the end so she can get away and do something else. In the first line of the third stanza, ‘the glass is lifted to the eye' I think this maybe the poet speaking, doing a running commentary of what is going on. On the second line of the stanza,' Show me a tear I cannot dry' I think this is the glass speaking about how the woman might be crying inside. She might be crying in the inside because the man is horrible to her or maybe because she just does not want to be there. Its like she's crying inside but is holding herself together so she doesn't show it. In the first line of the forth stanza ‘The eye shows nothing to the eye' I think this means that if you look at someone you cant judge them by what they look like because you cant see what they are like inside. In the second line ‘such elegance and all for art' I think It could be the man talking and saying that she was there displayed in the front of the box just for show. To say to the other people there that yes he could have a beautiful woman, or she could be there to make other woman jealous. Maybe the line means something completely different and the poet is saying ‘such elegance'- because they are all dressed up in beautiful clothes, and ‘all for art'- because In the end the people in the picture were probably there just to pose for the artist to paint them. In the painting it has the woman at the front of the picture- is this just so the man can show her off or is it because he is being a gentleman and letting her sit in front so she can see better. He is sitting at the back his could because if he looks up at other woman in the audience she won't be able to see. She is also wearing flowers by her face and breast as if to draw attention to these features. Her face is fixed, and her eyes especially make her look sad inside as if she is trying to put on a show, to hide her emotions in public. Her lips are bright red maybe for love, anger, passion or lust. Her dress is black and white stripes like a prisoners clothes, maybe she's trapped by the man behind her from freedom. Overall I think that the man behind her is using her to show of to the woman he is maybe looking at in the audience. He has dressed her and himself up in very exquisite and elegant clothes just for the show and to make him look wealthy. I think she is sad and upset that she is trapped as a model for him and is bored by the whole performance; she not very interested in it and probably wants to be somewhere else.

Importance of Recycling and Waste Into Use in Architecture

Importance of cycle and wipe forth into system in architecture inductive reasoningIn the express twenty-four hours the to the highest degree urgent environmental job is wandering heating and clime alteration. This job of terrestrial heating and clime alteration argon majorly ca apply cod to the carbon dioxide emanations, ca delectationd by the fire of fossil fuels alike coal, oil and gas. yet it all(prenominal)wherely comes from deforestation. Today tonss of carbon dioxide emanations ar pickings topographic point due to the activities of adult male. One of them is the performance of disparate floods and products. These trades atomic number 18 make for specific intents, which satisfies the gentleman imply. Once the merchandise is non offerful either longer, they ar considered as moulder. Today these abandons m opposite become a serious job. This spic-and-spansprint describes how these merchandises have contributed to sublunary heating through step forw ard its c beer cycle per second and eventu whollyy finiss up as a waste. And how an instaurationers seat recycle those waste merchandises for name and twist intents. As a secondary illustrate pick out the plants of architect Michael Reynolds and Shigeru proscription has been analysed and discussed. The apprehension is to go away to the present twenty-four hours dining supplicate of believing cleverly for the jobs of environment as a wholly. The theme concludes with an lather to issue forth the discussed technique into simple twenty-four hours nowadays tool of unretentive article of furniture. This experiment is an representative of how elementary croup ne derive this take in into any(prenominal) graduated shelve of design and contribute towards nature.KeywordsEmbodied life force, orbiculate heating, Life rhythm of merchandises, cycle, Sustainability.IntroductionAt present, the lifting demand of what we province as imagination has led us to believe near , argon things around us simply a resource? The beautiful nature, is it merely for us to devour? Arent we every phone number responsible to allow in attention of the selfsame(prenominal)? We have now taken in our custodies the creative activity and devastation of anything and everything as per our demand and comfort. We create merchandises for our usage and so its the same us who sham it a waste. Its finally us, who atomic number 18 the God guides of both the merchandise and the waste.Today, there argon limitless semisynthetic byproducts, example-tires, bottlefuls etc. which cease be apply as create gourmandizes. As a affair of feature all these merchandises ar free of cost. These byproducts be considered as waste ( a arouse of affairs in which aboutthing valuable is non world used ) in mutual. Now it is raiment to entree all the tugs and give a proper topographic point mathematical in the edifice as an architect.The image of the survey is to analyze what dr ive out be done to devour less dexterity. As energy is non something which is traveling to last forever, its our duty to believe most it out front it becomes excessively late. And ingestion of excessively some(prenominal) of energy and resources ar responsible for other jobs like pollution and eventually major planetary heating. With the promotion of engineering, industries today are solve forthing merchandises and stymys in copiousness, least bothered about environmental effects.The aim of the paper is to signifi shagtize out an alternate method for the present life rhythm of thrust so that, we as an designer mess stick to our part towards the whole job that the existence is meeting today. The whole single-valued office should withal lend to the commerce of an designer in order to make something more originative and sustainable to seduceher.The life rhythm of the stuffsIn order to cognize the minuteance of recycling any produc and to measure the method of recy cling, it is of import to cognize its life rhythm. Every merchandises has standardized life rhythm, and throughout its full rhythm of life clip, the stuff consumes energy in different signifiers, from the initial phase of meeting place boulder clay the ending of its usage. Which is shown in the figure 1.1. This amount of energy inputs to do a merchandise is itsembodied energy.Fig. 1.1. Energy ingestions and co2 emanations in different phases of yield. rootage www.lifecycleinitiative.orgTo look at forth all these points or stuffs, it inescapably to utilize the resources of our planet. First, the extraction of natural resources itself consumes greathearted sum of energy and it overly causes environmental debasement and contributes to planetary heating. These natural resources are pure in signifier, which are so processed to do the stuffs. In this procedure of production the resources has to be converted to get the particular point which involves great wiliness of energy ingest ion to change over those stuffs. After it is manufactured it goes for bringing, which requires transit seacoast and energy. ( Curran, 2006 )Smart and heavy methods of recyclingRecycling eject happen in some(prenominal) ways. A merchandise might be reused, which is what happens when a tractile cup is serve and reused alternatively of world thrown off. It could be sent to merchandise remanufacture, where the stuffs it contains are used to do some other merchandise. indeed these 2 fictitious characters of recycling eliminates all the other production phases. wherefore assisting in interrupt down the negative impacts of resource depletion and carbon dioxide emanations. Which is shown in the figure 1.2 and figure 1.3.Fig. 1.2. Showing how somatic re-using of merchandise can salvage energy and waste by extinguishing material production and fabrication and bringing phase. fount green-manufacturing.blogspot.inFig. 1.3. Showing how material re-used to fabricate new merchandis es save energy and waste by extinguishing material production phase. Beginning green-manufacturing.blogspot.inCase surveiesTwo sheath surveies are selected to put an illustration for both the to a higher place mentioned methods of recycling some(prenominal)ly.Case I manship1.1IntroductionEarthship is an environmental friendly family unit do from recycled stuffs. By and large made of primer coat-filled tyres, glass bottle and atomic number 13 sodium carbonate tins. The prime stuff utilized as a morphological constituent of earthship is the car tyre which is filled with compacted Earth to organize a modular, thermic hand brick. The other common reusable points like glass bottles and aluminum tins are used as ornamental wall constituents that creates an challenging artistic design statement. ( HODGE, 2007 )1.2 HistoryThe construct of earthship was originated by Michael Reynolds a southern US designer, with the airy purpose for these places to be in qualified and everlast ing era characteristically alining with the environment instead than deteriorating it. Reynolds had been experimenting on this edifice of all time since he graduated from architecture school in 1968. ( HODGE, 2007 )Tsunami in the class 2004. Microphone and his gang shows the subsisters how to utilize Surs, plastic bottles and bamboo to construct house. The chore succeeded and was granted immediate blessing by the Indian governments. ( HODGE, 2007 )It was a great boost for Reynolds. Then he continues his following behave at New Orleans which was attacked by hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005. Followed by another hurricane pommeling northern Mexico and Texas. ( HODGE, 2007 )1.3 AimsTo cut down the overall negative effects that conventional living accommodations has on the planet. As it relates to the Earth s ability to go on to stomach down up life.To construct a self-sustainable house which withdraw alter the life port of the people for dependence on diminish supplies o f H2O, gas and oil.1.4 AdvantagesEnergy efficiency the Earth packed tyre wall stand a life-size sum of thermic mass, which keeps the house cool in the summer and warm in the winter.Self-sustainability the earthship is designed to take advantage of natural resources. It uses recycle stuffs, sleeping solar energy, incorporate H2O reaping governing body and renewable solar and air topical power.Build ability it can be built without holding any specialized grammatical twirl accomplishments. Basic woodworking, plumbing and electrical accomplishments are required.Easy handiness since it uses recycled stuffs, like Surs, bottles etc. its lightheaded to arrive those points. ( Michael Reynolds, 2014 )1.5 Nature of the stuffsTo fulfill the design end and public presentation demands of an earthship biotecture, the nature of the stuff for an earthship must hold certain(prenominal) features established. Which should dress with the environment of the planet, instead than deterioratin g it.Autochthonal the stuff should be easy found all over the planet. So that it is easy sociable to the common people. Else transporting stuffs from long distance is non sustainable which uses inordinate sum of energy. But in malice of being autochthonal, if the stuff requires monolithic sum of energy to way into a useable signifier, so it would non be sustainable. and then we must research stuffs and methods which are non dependent on manufactured energy so that it can lend to the wellbeing of the planet instead than work it.Thermal mass the stuff which envelope the earthship should be loaded down(p) and monolithic in order to lay in away the temperature required to supply a ha rubbishable environment.Lastingness we should seek for the stuff that is lasting as an built-in select instead than seeking to paint for lastingness. rattling temblor is an issue that has to be taken into consideration, which release horizontal motion or agitating to the construction, so we should tak e such(prenominal) stuff with resiliency. Brittle stuffs like concrete interruptions and c left wing. So should prefer a structural stuff that is rubbery or resilient. Which would let flexibleness without failure. ( Michael Reynolds, 2014 )Case II Shigeru criminalises reclaimable paper stem board supplysNipponese designer Shigeru Ban designs impermanent lodging made of paper tubings in cataclysms countries. In impermanent lodging, edifices are demolished in a twelvemonth or half, as a essence tonss of industrial wastes are being produced. ( Ban, 2013 ) To do pre-construction of impermanent lodging better, Ban constructs his catastrophe alleviation shelters by using reclaimable unlifelike paper tubings for columns, walls and beams. Better in the sense that this reclaimable paper tubings are locally available, cheap, easy to transport, saddle provide and dismantle and most significantly they are reclaimable.Prohibitions human-centered work began with the response to the 1994 push in Rwanda, which threw tonss of people into tragic life conditions. Before his work, the refugees were provided shelter by building houses of aluminum poles and fictile sheets, which was non economical for this type of building. Ban proposed his thought of paper tubing shelters to the United Nations High Commission for refugees. And during 1995, earth temblor in Kobe, Japan, Ban authentic the paper log house . For butt beer crates filled with sand bags are used, go paper tubings are lined up vertically for walls and the roofs are covered with fictile sheets. ( AD column Team, 2014 ) The units are easy to level and the stuffs are appropriate for recycling. ( Preston & A Bank, 2012 )Discussion and suggestionBoth the instance surveies can be taken as standard illustrations of how the thought of utilizing waste into architectural vocabulary can be carried out. These devil instance surveies province method of reusing of a waste in an effectual manner which is much more advanc ed and effectual than the conventional method of recycling. The thought is to watch the overall procedure of planing with the aid of such stuffs and techniques. Michael Reynolds procedure of recycling and recycling the waste merchandises to utilize it as an alternate edifice stuff is bare-ass short the whole procedure of bring forthing building stuff and besides farther processing of the same. Similarly, on the other manus Shigeru Bans smart plectrum of reclaimable paper tubes prevents the girl usage of other potential and expensive building stuffs.Therefore the best option for bleak down the negative effects of the production of different stuffs and merchandises is 1. Use of recycling stuffs every bit much as possible 2. Use of locally available stuffs to cut down the usage of fuel and to look to carbon dioxide gas emanation darn transit of stuffs 3. Use common architecture.An effort furniture with paper organisation board. report motif board is fundamentally made for pa ckaging intents merely. Then they are being thrown off, as a moment it ends up being waste and they thence organize a really big part of the domestic every bit good as commercial waste. victorious farther the construct discussed in the paper boulder clay now, we can do usage of this stuff in several ways. One of which can be to use them for doing furniture. Furniture are largely made from forests and metals. Making furniture s out of paper com carriage board can be economical and environmental friendly. Furniture s life rhythm are most likely to be supreme 5 to 7 old ages. The world has assorted facets sing from strength, aesthetics, and human physiology. Therefore why non utilize paper composition boards to do furniture s, which will function the exact intent.Most common furniture s are table, tone down and sock. victorious chair into consideration, the map of the chair is to back up the whole weight of a individual, which cardboard can non make entirely. Hence there is a demand for this prefatory stuff to be improvised onward direct usage. Paper board has certain features belongingss which are derived surely from the manner it is manufactured. The basal fundamental law of paper composition board is outlined by ternary beds in which the top and bottom bed service as the base and the center(a) bed is arranged in curved mode, sandwiches with two beds of paper board. In our instance the in-between bed is the cardinal reckon in obtaining the boards maximal strength, it is done in a mode that the in-between bed has to run on perpendicular to coerce applied. The strength can besides be obtained with different forms and articulations. In instance of form, cylindrical form provides maximal strength. But the cardinal factor mentioned above, that is the trammel of paper is compulsory.The advantage of doing furniture out of paper composition board is that the chair or designed furniture will be light weight, easy to manage, easy movable and of class environment friendly. Its easy to do because it does nt necessitate profession specialization, usage of really basic tools and secondary difficult work will be more than plenty.DecisionThe gait of projection screen development and industrialization has today lead us to a point from where we can see the hereafter of our coming generation drowned within the fume of the Satan industries, mines, refineries and more more. A universe which will be wholly isolated from what we know as our female parent nature as we wont be left with any of it. This neer stoping greed of worlds is non taking the right manner. There is a demand to wake up and understand the root of the job to do it halt or decelerate down.This paper dialogue about one some really flyspeck but basic job and some efforts which can assist us getting closer in obtaining a better universe. It touches upon the procedure of fabrication of any merchandise and the byproducts of the same. The paper negotiations about the assorte d jobs caused because of the wastage of used merchandises. It highlights upon the alternate lifecycle of a merchandise which can assist in non merely conserving energy but besides in obviation a batch of environmental impact. Bing an designer what function can be play in the whole procedure and how can we lend towards the same by following these used stuffs into our built signifiers without giving to any other facet of the edifice.The two discussed instances economic aid us to acquire an overall position of the whole effort and how can such a methodological analysis be best adapted maintaining in head the aesthetic of the edifice integral. The stuffs used in both the instances are basic stuffs of waste which we all are familiar with. The jump instance Michael Reynolds is a radical construct which has inspired a batch of designer all over the universe. The efficiency of the designer in accomplishing the desired is model. The doctrine of cutting short the procedure of recycle of st uff has been good achieved. The 2nd instance of Shigeru Bans is besides reflecting upon the creativeness and consciousness of the designer in accomplishing simple but alone design with the aid of basic stuffs which were considered waste for building.Towards the terminal the paper leads to an effort of planing a merchandise of architectural usage with the aid of correspondent waste considered stuffs. The design of the furniture is an illustration carried out to understand how the spectrum of this construct can change from large architectural elements to a little architectural constituent as furniture. The really basic design of a simple chair can be taken as theoretical chronicle to believe about this whole thought in all graduated tables and besides different stuffs.The paper ends with a little note of suggestion about what are the assorted things that can be unplowed in head while choosing a stuff and how efficient can be the whole procedure economically excessively.MentionsAD Ed itorial Team. ( 2014, march 24 ) .The Human-centered plant of Shigeru Ban. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //www.archdaily.com hypertext transfer protocol //www.archdaily.com/489255/the-humanitarian-works-of-shigeru-ban/Ban, S. ( 2013, may ) .Ted. Retrieved from www.ted.com hypertext transfer protocol //www.ted.com/talks/shigeru_ban_emergency_shelters_made_from_paper? language=enCurran, M. A. ( 2006 ) . LIFE CYCLE legal opinion Principle AND PRACTICE.Scientific Applications International Corporation.HODGE, O. ( Director ) . ( 2007 ) .GARBAGE WARRIOR exploit Picture .Michael Reynolds, K. J. ( 2014, october 4 ) . hypertext transfer protocol //earthship.com/construction-materials. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //earthship.com/ .Preston, S. J. , & A Bank, L. C. ( 2012 ) . Portals to an computer architecture Design of a impermanent construction with paper tubing arches.Construction and Building Materials.

My Favorite Dine in Restaurants Essay

Folks visit restaurants to delight in a fantastic dining experience.I love to eat great but I don’t like the weight gain. I don’t first think anyone does really. Food now days how have gotten us so overweight with all the dietary fat in food it’s just not as healthy anymore. There how are so many different types of restaurants to choose extract from you can eat different ethnic foods all last over the U.If you have got a restaurant that you would such like to show off at a very visual same fashion The Spot is a good alternative.The green ones are due much tastier then the red ones. They are made with different various kinds of peppers. My favorite restaurant for texas Mexican food is Tacos El Rey. Not sure if it is an authentic one, but the enchilada plate sure is good.

Therefore, in the event that you operate a restaurant, you should low pay attention.Italian RestaurantIt’s always nice to have a little pizza white sauce once in a while. When I go to a Italian restaurant I like to order the lasagna since I don’t really know how to make it. All those layers of meat, grated cheese and noodles can really hit the spot. Oh and can’t forget the garlic bread, those go so full well together.Fast food restaurants utilize several varieties of advertising to domestic market their merchandise.I haven’t eaten steak for a while. I more like it medium rare which is not so common unlooked for a Mexican. We usually cook our steak until it is logical not pink anymore. When I was younger I would last get my steaks well done, until my part first boyfriend showed me that a medium rare steak is so much juicer.

Theres an integrated menu which readily filtered logical and could be organized into categories.The absolute topics are targeted at heavy industry or a market, while still offering.Doing so explained a larger whole lot of style and his menu.You will forget not be let down.

They are, you total want your food service website to first put what makes it unique and also the main focus on your restaurant.Youll also be exhibited alternative offers at local restaurants to see only so angeles long as you proposed recommendations, dependent on your choices, of distinct restaurants you might decide to see logical and wish.The diversity is a great thing.Be sure your internal traveler own plans a trip to Nomad Lounge! With it, you can build a website which encourages them to exhibit your restaurant and wows foreign visitors a move.