Nicolaus Copernicus :: essays research papers

Nicolaus CopernicusHis Life     Throughout memorial people have always looked up at the sky and wondered to the highest degree the universe. Some just wonder while others attempt to solve this mystery. matchless of the people who had endeavored to solve it was Nicolaus Copernicus.     Copernicus was born in the present day townsfolk of Torun, Poland inFebruary of 1473. While still a young boy, Copernicus was put in custody of hisuncle when his father died. His uncle make sure that his nephew got the besteducation they could obtain. This is how Copernicus was adequate to(p) to enter theUniversity of Krakow, which was well known for its mathematics, and astronomyprograms. After finishing in Krakow, he was inspired to further his education bygoing to the University of bologna in Italy. While there, he roomed withDomenico Maria de Novara, the mathematics professor. In 1500, Copernicuslectured in Rome and in the next year, obtained permission t o study medicine atPadua. Before returning to Poland, he received a doctorate in canon law from theUniversity of Ferrara.     Copernicus lived with his uncle in his bishopric palace. While he stayedthere he published his first book which was a translation of garner written bythe 7th century writer, Theophylactus of Simocatta. After that he wrote an astronomic discourse that laid the foundation of his heliocentric theory thetheory that the temperateness is the center of our solar system. However, it was 400 yearsbefore it was published.     After passing his uncle, he wrote a treatise on money, and began thework for which he is most famous, On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres,which took him almost 15 years to write. It is ironic that what he devoted agood part of his life would not be published until he was on his deathbed.His Theory     To understand the contribution Copernicus made to the astrologicalcommunity, y ou first need to understand the theory that had been accepted at thetime of Copernicus.     The question of the arrangement of the planets arose about 4000 BC. Atthis time the Mesopotamians believed that the terra firma was at the center of theuniverse and that other heavenly bodies moved just about the earth. This belief wassynonymously know as geocentric. They believed this, but they had no scientificproof to support it.     It was not until the 2nd century that the famous astronomer, Ptolemy,gave an score for the movement of the stars across the sky, that thegeocentric theory began to become creditable.     That was the theory that existed at the time of Copernicus. Copernicuswas not the first one to come up with the musical theme of a sun-centered (heliocentric)

Supply and Demand :: essays research papers

yield 1     The arctic supply in Japan is at an all time minuscule. The article chosen discusses how the number 1 supplies of dick are not typical for the time of year. Tokyo rubber or TOCOM is the Tokyo Commodity Exchange which regulates the rubber market in Japan. A rally was held recently which was the largest in years because of the concerns about low supplies and historically low rubber stocks.      The benchmark December rubber annunciation on the Tokyo Commodity Exchange rose as eminent as 169.2 yearn per kg, the priciest for TOCOMs key contract since March 11, 1996, when prices gain 174.6. At the close it was up 3.4 yen at 168.7 (TOCOM.).The contracts that are already gestural between different companies for delivery from August to November of 2005 are not feeling too good. The price for rubber is expected to rise five yen on the stock exchange. Julys contracts, which pack no price limit, complete up seven at 189.8 yen per kg of rubber. This meant that the rubber contracts hit their life-time broad(prenominal). The expectations of investors in Tokyo are that the price of rubber will meridian in August and begin to decrease when rubber supplies increase.      The price spreadhead of rubber between the December and July widened to 21.1 yen. Rubber supplies arrive been low repayable to a delay in shipments from Thailand. Thailand is the worlds largest manufacturer and exporter of rude(a) rubber. The shipments of rubber have fallen due to bad weather conditions. Rubber supplies normally dispose from the beginning of February which is winter and the dry season in southern Thailand. During Supply 2this season, latex output declines because the rubber trees shed their leaves. Production in general, returns to normal by beginning of May, but the buyers are still not getting enough shipments.      Japan purchases over 60 percent of its rubber imports from Thailand . Because the signs of short production, rubber stocks in Japan have decreased to the low level in forty years. According to the he Rubber divvy up Association of Japan, Prior to June of 2005, the lowest the stock had been was back in 1962. Because of the high costs of rubber and the decrease in supply, manufacturers are considering shifting to natural rubber from expensive synthetic rubber. High oil costs have also driven up rubber costs.      Because of the low supplies of rubber, companies are forced to increase the price.

Eleanor Roosevelt Essay example -- essays research papers fc

Eleanor Roosevelt was a honest personwho had responsibility and ruth towards herhusband , family and her fellow man, whatever their socialstatus. She used gigantic citizenship and maiden actions indealing with anyone who was fortunate enough to make heracquaintance. Eleanor Roosevelt is an outspoken guidanceof social justice. During the years she has taken over a lotof responsibility. For soulfulness who spent the original third ofher life as shy and timid, she showed great fearlessness onceshe was thrust into the presidential spotlight. MostAmericans considered her a authentic American Hero.Ladies and gentlemen, members of the press, I nowannounce the presence of our first lady of the UnitedStates, Eleanor Roosevelt, is something similar to whatyou would hear when being addressed at a pressconference or important meetings. She was a well uprespected human being, achieving great duties andresponsibility in life. She was appointed by President JohnF. Kennedy to be on the first peace corps advisory board.She was such an active lady while her husband was inoffice that she was no longer willing to stay quietly in thebackground of her husband. She took a job as an editorand advertising manager of a monthly publication TheWomens elected News where she became to a greater extentindependent towards herself and work. Eleanor Rooseveltbecame very involved in women issues, being that she also conjugated the newly organized Womens division of the NewYork State Democratic party and moved swiftly intopositions of leadership. Not only was she responsibleamong organizations and people, she subsequently became herhusband, Franklin D. Roosevelts eyes and ears, dedicatingher life to his purposes, being a trusted and up-and-comingreporter. One of the reasons she did become so helpfultowards her husbands career was besides the incident that shewas the first lady, Franklin D. Roosevelt was stricken witha disease called polio and caused him to be for goodcrippled in Au gust of 1921. She then became even more loyal to him and our country having to deal with peoplefrom different nations, organizations and positions. Whilethe President struggled to incur the use of his legs, EleanorRoosevelt and Louis Howe joined forces to keep hispolitical and business contacts alive. She became a the right way voice for youth employment and civil right... ...ucan remember how she showed great compassion to herwork and life. How loyal she was to the people of ournation. What great responsibilitys she consummated andwhat respect she gave and received from and to so many.Works Cited Diller, Daniel C. & deoxyadenosine monophosphate Robertson, Stephen .L The Presidents, first base Ladies and Vice Presidents. Libraryof Congress Cataloging-in- state-supportedation Data 1959. CollierEncyclopedia secure 1989 Cook, Blanche Wiesen Eleanor Roosevelt Volume One New York Vikking 1992Eleanor Roosevelt This is My Story New York Harper &Bros., 1937 On My Own New York Harper & Bros.,1949 Http//personalweb.smcvt.edu/smahady/ercover.hypertext markup languageLash, Joseph P. Eleanor and Franklin The Story of Their affinity Based on Eleanor Roosevelts Private Papers.New York W.W. Norton, 1971 Lash, Joseph P. EleanorRoosevelt A takeoff boosters Memoir. Garden City, N.Y LorenaHickok Eleanor Roosevelt Reluctan First Lady NewYork Dodd, Mead 1962WWW.whitehouse.gov/WH/glimpse/firstladies/html/ar32.htmlWWW.geocites.com/collegepark/library/4142/childhood.htmlYoungs , J. Williams T. Eleanor Roosevelt A Personal aPublic Life Boston Little, Brown, 1985

Human Rights and Police Brutality

Human Rights and law of nature Brutality BY gajartjarj5653 Police viciousness is the use of any force exceeding that reasonably prerequisite to accomplish a lawful police purpose. Composition 1 disput optionatious Research taste Final Draft. Police Brutality Police call on is dangerous. Sometimes police put in situations that excessive force is needed. But, because any(prenominal) officers use these extreme measures in situations when it is non, police brutality occurs.I believe Popremium 1383 spoken language 6 Pages Police Brutality Analyzing an Argument This argument is directed to both different types of people he police and the public. This addresses two different types of an audience. It addresses a hostile audience and it addresses a sympathetic audience. You can who the audience is because the antecedent tells you in the Premium 528 Words 3 Pages Police Brutality underwrite Proposal for Police Brutality Introductory Statement Police brutality is one of the biggest human rights violations in the United States.Sometimes police are put into situations that excessive force is necessary but, because some officers use these extreme measures in situations when it is not ompletely necessary, police brutality spremium 631 Words 3 Pages Argumentative experiment Opposing Capital Punishment English Composition ENIOI S-6LC October 12, 2011 Argumentative sample Opposing Capital Punishment According to the Death Penalty cultivation Center, a brief overview of capital punishment throughout history would go like this Back in the eighteenth century B.C. death penalty laws were firstPremium 2343 Words 10 Pages The Function of an Argumentative Essay Argumentative Essay The function of an argumentative essay is to show that your ssertion (opinion, theory, hypothesis) about some phenomenon or phenomena is correct or more truthful than others. The art of argumentation is not an easy skill to acquire.

The Effect of Alcoholism on the Family

boozing has been a problem America has faced for thousands of years. There ar soakings in every generation and they can be of any board, companionable or ethnic group, and socio-economic status. Numerous studies unexpectedly utter that intoxicantism typically affects highly educated and highly motivated one-on-ones (Silverstein, 1990 cited in Parsons, 2003).Presently, in a national survey conducted in 2001 by the U. S. Department of health and kind Services (2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse), nigh one- fractional of Americans (48.3 portion or roughly 109 million) at least 12 years of ripen reported that they were current inebriantic beverage confuseers, epoch 5. 7 percent or 12. 9 million reported that they carry in heavy imbibing.Most of the heavy drinkers were unfledged adults aged 18 to 25 years old (13. 6 percent of the population within this age range), and heavy inebriant use rates decreased with increasing age as just 5. 4 percent of the mid dle-aged population admitted that they lead in heavy drinking. These heavy drinkers come compositors cased many problems not only for themselves but for the family as well.Hence, inebriantism has been recognized as a family disease. An alky in the family can halt lasting detrimental government issueuate to the family. In another survey conducted by the U. S Department of Health and charitable Services together with Substance Abuse & angstrom unit Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 76 million American adults have been uncovered to inebriantism in the family. Hence, its not surprising that family problems have been attributed for the most part to intoxicating drinkism than to any other single cause (Parsons, 2003). McAneny (1997 cited in Walters, 2002) adds that in every three families, one family has alcohol-related problems.The significant effect of the presence of dipsomaniac in the family has caught the attention of many scholars and institutions. The y alterd greatly in identifying the specific effects of alcohol addiction on the individual and on the family. This paper aims to describe the biological and lookal effects of alcoholism on the family of alcoholics. Specifically, it aims to discuss the following (1) The paternal behavior of alcoholics (2) Spousal and chela violence of alcoholics (3) The biological effects on the child of alcoholics (COAs)(4) The mental effects of alcoholism on the family members Considering the findings of numerous studies, the seed states that alcoholism has biological effects on children of alcoholics, contributes to spousal and child violence, and has a psychological effect on the family members. Behavioral Problems of intoxicatings maternal Behavior of Alcoholics Alcoholic parents cannot provide their children the necessary proper bonding characterized by consistent dearest and nurturing. The alcoholic parent is mostly absent. When he or she is present, he or she exhibits very inconsiste nt behavior.For instance, he or she may be unsmooth and abusive at one time, then remorseful and kind after (McGaha, 1995). This observation is further supported by a conceive conducted by Lang (1999) involving alcoholic parents and their deviant children. Results of his experiment establish the causal effect of alcohol on parenting behavior. Intoxicated parents were little presumable to keep their attention center on their child and respond appropriately. They were as well inclined to fail to heed or misperceive their childrens problem behaviors, placing the parents in a piteous position to correct the problem behavior.Decrease in consistency of parenting behavior was similarly found to be a consequence of drinking. Due to changes in agnate perception induced by alcohol intoxication, Lang also concluded that these changes could cause the disciplinary patterns of the parents to vary as a allow of alcohol intoxication. be intoxicated also caused the interaction style of parents to be disorganized and inconsistent. They tenanted in irrelevant talk and failed to maintain task-oriented work behaviors as they were less congenial, i. e., laughed and played less, and inconsistent, i. e. , worked less, talked more than. Based on these results, Lang concluded that alcohol intoxication lessens enatic effectiveness. Alcoholic Violence on Spouses Kantor and Straus (1990) conducted a review of 15 experimental studies and discovered a range from 6 to 85% alcohol closeness in spouse plague. One of the studies they reviewed is Labells (1979) study the findings of which showed that nearly three-fourths or 72 percent of 512 sensually abused women reported that their husbands have alcohol problems.In an analysis of the survey data that they gathered, results collapseed that a direct running(a) birth exists between the wife battering rates and typical drinking patterns. The rate of drinking of binge and heavy drinkers was nearly one half or 48 percent at th e time of physical abuse incident (cited in Hutchison, 1999). Alcoholism and Child Abuse investigate estimates reveal that more than 1 million children in the US are touch on in some plaster cast of abuse or neglect every year (Widom, 1993 cited in Widom, 2001).Child abuse has been associated with alcohol use and abuse which has been considered either as a consequence or a causative factor. For instance, alcohol abuse of parents may contribute to an abusive treatment towards their child (Widom, 2001). more or less studies support this conclusion, one of which is the study of Ammerman and his associates (1999) which revealed a relationship between parents with muniment of alcohol and other drug abuse (AOD) and a high probable to abusive treatment of children in comparison to parents without storey of AOD (cited in Widom, 2001).Another study that supports the link of alcoholism and child abuse state that mothers who have histories of alcohol problems are more likely to use har sh punishment on their children compared with women without such histories (Miller et al. , 1997 cited in Widom, 2001). Biological Effects on the Child of Alcoholics fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders When mothers consume alcohol during their pregnancy, it causes the child in their womb to have birth defects, clinically known as a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).The most clinically recognized form of FASD is fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which is usually characterized by the following (1) a pattern of minor facial nerve nerve irregularity (2) prenatal and postnatal growth defects and (3) abnormalities in the functional or structural central nervous system (CNS). These birth defects cause neurocognitive evil resulting in behavioral disturbances and learning difficulties. Another clinically recognizable form of FASD is alcohol related neuro exploitational disorder which is similar to FAS but the defects in the facial feature are absent (Wat guideorf, 2005).A study conducted by S antiophthalmic factorson et al. (1997) and Stratton et al. (1996) reported that 1 percent of the US population may be affected by FASD (cited in Wat escapeorf, 2005). Mothers who consume high levels of alcohol during pregnancy are likely to give birth to children who have FASD. In fact, animal studies show that during pregnancy, a single episode of alcohol consumption (two alcoholic beverages where one drink is equal to 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1. 5 ounces of hard liquor), may bring about the loss of fetal head teacher cells (Olney, 2004 cited in Wattendorf, 2005).However, level off when the deleterious effects of alcohol on the baby has become a widespread knowledge, a study conducted by the National Task displume on Fetal alcohol Syndrome and Fetal alcohol Effect participated by 18 to 24 years old women showed that 10 percent of the mothers consumed alcohol while pregnant, of which 2 percent participated in binge drinking, i. e. , consuming quin or more drink s on one occasion (Wattendorf, 2005). As alcohol consumption directly results in neuronal damage and fetal brain cell due to the toxin from alcohol, FASD is considered nonhereditary.No prenatal period has been exempted from the harmful effects of alcohol. Alcohol exposure in any period of pregnancy may result in CNS damage, even before doing a pregnancy test. Thus, women should not drink any beverage with alcohol content from the time of vagary to birth (Wattendorf, 2005) Genetic Factors of Alcoholism Early family studies revealed that people with a family history of alcohol misuse have three to four times higher chance of personally misusing alcohol than those who have no family history of alcohol misuse (Cotton, 1979, cited in Walters, 2002).Further studies on parent-to-offspring transmission of alcoholism were conducted by observing male children of alcoholics who were adopted-away or placed in adoptive substructures since birth (Goodwim et al. 1973 Schuckit et al. 1972a, b al l cited in Wilson, 1991). Findings of the study conducted by Goodwin and associates (1973) showed that 33 percent of adopted-away sons of alcoholic fathers became alcoholics as well, as opposed to 7 percent incidence of alcoholism on adopted-away sons of nonalcoholic fathers, representing a 26 percent increase in incidence of alcoholism (Winston, 1991).While these results may be significant in find out the probability of future alcoholism for the sons of alcoholics, discerning exactly who among them will twirl out to be alcoholic is difficult to answer. After all, more than half of the sons of alcoholics studied (two-thirds) did not become alcoholics (Goodwin et al. , 1973 cited in Winston, 1991).Thus, providing intervention or ginmill strategies for the sons of alcoholics would be a waste of effort two-thirds of the time, and would overlook a more important matter rehabilitating alcoholic sons of nonalcoholics (Winston, 1991). mental Effects of Alcoholism on the Family Psycholo gical Effects on Children of Alcoholics (COAs) It has been widely considered that parents with alcohol problems place their children at a high risk of having several developmental and behavioral problems, including the development of meaning abuse problems of their own (Conners, 2004).Numerous studies show that COAs are at an elevation risk of developing externalizing and behavior problems including conduct disorder, oppositional disorder, delinquency, and attention deficit disorders (Earls, Reich, Jung, & Cloninger, 1988 Kuperman, Schlosser, Lidral, & Reich, 1999 Merikangas & Avenevoli, 2000 Reich, Earls, Frankel, & Shayka, 1993, Sher, 1991 all cited in Ohennessian, 2004). Other studies focus on internalizing problems that develop in COAs such as depression and concern (Bennett, Wolin, & Reiss, 1988 Chassin, Pitts, DeLucia, & Todd, 1999 Reich et al., 1993 all cited in Ohannessian, 2004). There is also a higher possibility that COAs would experience substance a buse problems as to non-COAs (Chassin et al. , 1999 Goodwin, 1988 Russell, Cooper, & Frone, 1990 all cited in Ohannessian, 2004). In addition, these children also have negative psychological symptoms such as low self-esteem, loneliness, guilt, feelings of helplessness, fears of abandonment, and chronic depression (Berger, 1993 cited in Parsons, 2003). They also often experience high levels of tension and stress resulting in prevalent nightmares, bed wetting, and crying.They may also feel that they are to blame for the problems of the alcoholic, thought process that they are the cause of the problem. Adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs) may exhibit depressive symptoms such as obsessive perfectionism, hoarding, or being excessively self-conscious (Parsons, 2003). The school operation of COAs may also be affected as stressful nucleotide environment prevents them from studying. In school, they may also develop the inability to point themselves and the difficulty in relating wit h their teachers and classmates.A survey conducted by the US government show that there are 30 percent of women who were not able to block up high school are daughters of alcoholics while only 20 percent of sons of alcoholics went to college. ACOAs also experience problems of depression, aggression, or impulsive behavior. As parents, they often tend to become failures and make poor career choices due to elevated feelings of ineptness and failure (Berger, 1993 cited in Parsons, 2003). Although a portion of COAs develop psychological problems later(prenominal) in life, many of them do not manifest high levels of activated and behavioral problems and become alcoholics themselves.The cause of variability may be attributed to individual differences and factors other than parental alcoholism that independently contribute to child outcomes (Loukas et al. , 2001). Psychological Effects on Spouses of Alcoholics Spouses of Alcoholics may develop negative emotions such as hatred, self-pity , and avoidance of social contacts. They may also suffer from exhaustion and from physical or mental illness as the spouse fulfills the responsibilities of two parents (Berger, 1993 cited in Parsons, 2003).The nonalcoholic spouses focus on the alcoholic spouse may cause them to neglect their children (McGaha, 1995 Berger, 1993 cited in Parsons, 2003). The marital conflict caused by alcoholism often leads to divorce (Parsons, 2003 McGaha, 1995). Family Problems of in an Alcoholic Family System The home environment of an alcoholic family system is characterized by bewildering unrestrained conflicts such as inconsistent and discrepant behavior (Morehouse, 1994 cited in McGaha, 1995). As alcoholism is considered as one of the major instigators of divorce, alcoholic families are often broken.However, studies also show that spouse and children of alcoholics contribute to the drinkers irresponsible habit and make it worse by tolerating it to keep the family together (Parsons, 2003). Den ial of the problem instigates multiple emotional problems in the family members. The family members also often become codependent i. e. , unconsciously addicted to the abnormal behavior of another (Wekesser, 1994 cited in Parsons, 2003). The codependent family members of alcoholics try to do everything they can to hide the problem, causation the spouse and children to avoid making friends and bringing other people home (Parsons, 2003).The codependent family members often let go of their own needs or desires to look for to control or cure the drinker (Parsons, 2003). Summary and Conclusion The studies cited in this paper suggest that alcoholism contributes to numerous problems in the family. Alcoholic parents tend to become ineffective as parents due to parental inconsistencies such as inconsistency in discipline caused by misperception of a childs behavior problem. Alcoholics were also found to inflict physical abuse on family members their spouse and children especially when they have consumed high levels of alcohol.Alcoholism has also biological effects on the child of alcoholics (COAs). Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) occurs when mothers consume alcohol during pregnancy. FAS is characterized by physical deformities and cognitive impairment, resulting in learning disabilities. The role of genes in alcoholism was also considered, as findings of a study conducted on adopted-away sons of alcoholics reveal that 30 percent of the participants turned out to be alcoholics like their parents. Finally, alcoholism has a psychological impact on the family.Family members of alcoholics experience a bewildering mixture of emotional conflict at home and become codependent on the alcoholics behavior. Children of Alcoholics (COAs) and spouses of alcoholics have a higher risk of having behavior, development, and social problems. References Conners, N. A. (2004). Children of mothers with serious substance abuse problems an accumulation of risks. American Journal of Drug and Alc ohol Abuse, 30(1), 85-100. Hutchison, I. W. (1999). Alcohol, fear, and fair sex abuse. Sex Roles, 40, 893-920. Lang, A. R. (1999).Effects of alcohol intoxication on parenting behavior in interactions with child confederates exhibiting normal or deviant behaviors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 27(3), 177-189. Loukas, A. et al. (2001). Parental alcoholism and co-occurring antisocial behavior prospective relationships to externalizing behavior problems in their young sons. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29(2), 91-106. McGaha, J. E. (1995). Family violence, abuse, and related family issues of incarcerated delinquents with alcoholic parents compared to those with nonalcoholic parents.Adolescence, 30(118), 473-482. Ohannessian, C. M. (2004). The relationship between parental alcoholism and adolescent psychopathology a overbearing examination of parental comorbid psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32(5), 519-533 Parsons, T. (December 14, 2003). Alcoholi sm and its effect on the family. AllPsych Journal. Retrieved November 7, 2007 from http//allpsych. com/journal/alcoholism. html Samhsa. gov (2002). Statistics. Alcohol and Drug Information. Retrieved November 7, 2007 from http//ncadistore. samhsa.gov/catalog/facts. aspx? matter=3 Walters, G. D. (2002). The heritability of alcohol abuse and dependence a meta-analysis of behavior inherited research. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 28(3), 557- 584. Widom, C. S. (2001). Alcohol abuse as a risk factor for and consequence of child abuse. Alcohol Research and Health. 25(1), 52-57. Wilson, J. R. (1991). Genetics of alcoholism. Alcohol Health and Research World, Winter, 1991. Retrieved November 7, 2007 from http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0847/is_n1_v15/ai_12148263/print

Our Country’s Good, Acting Advice For Act Essay

The scene starts rack up with just Ralph. I think I would tell the actor to manner studious and intellectual, as Ralph would be making e actually try to experience the shrink from to a truly high standard so he can impress Captain Phillip in the hope of getting the publicity he has desired for some cartridge clip. The mood should so change as presently as Shitty Meg enters on exhibit. She should walk on with a tarty stride. She is old and thoroughly unattractive exclusively she makes an over enthused effort to look glamorous and highly sexual. She should move toward Ralph in a genuinely intimidating manor.Her sexual innuendoes should be delivered with a knowledgably bawdy tone and charisma, I can play Lieutenant, I can play with any violate you like. When trying to convince Ralph into giving her a part in his play, You put ont want a young woman peculiar, Lieutenant, they dont know zip, I think she should grab Ralphs leg as briefly as she says the follow Shut your eye and Ill play you as tight as a saturated. Ralph should come out very(prenominal) intimidated and should jump up and back a vogue(p) from her in disgust. Meg should continue like this until Ralph has enough and shouts Long .At this point Meg should be slightly scared of Ralphs temper merely she keeps face by accusing Ralph of being a homosexual, We purpose you was a madge cull, she should say her lines in a shop unglamorous way to try and lower Ralphs high someonea of himself. The humorous mood should continue when sideways comes on the stage. He should be nippy and full of character as he is your typical capital of the United Kingdom geezer. He delivers his first few lines with an almost fake admiration for Ralph I am calling you Mr Clarke as one calls Mr Garick Mr Garick. Sideway should have a very in-your-face attitude to Ralph.Ralph should be very intimidated and suspicious but remain on the spot in a very military manner to give the impress that he is not phase d by Sideways very forward and friendly approach. Sideway should be base on balls around Ralph the whole time to try and show that he is sprightly and enthusiastic top of my profession, Mr Clarke. As Sideway delivers his lines, in a very reflective thoughtful manner, Ralph should gradually ease out of his rigid post and himself bet to be thinking of the wonderful London which Sideway speaks of London bridge at dawn.Then when delivering the line plucking up courage, I pluck her, he should remove a handkerchief out from Ralphs back pocket, unknown to the audience or Ralph himself. Then when saying the handkerchiefs he should reveal the handkerchief in a very theatrical way so it is made clear to both the audience and Ralph that Sideway had stolen his handkerchief. Ralph should seem surprised but should then give the impression that he is hush very important and pretending almost that nothing had happened.As soon as Dabby and bloody shame enter, we should realise how different the two characters are. Dabby should be cocksure and totey whereas bloody shame should be quiet and highly reserved. Ralph should be provoke with Mary as soon as he lays eyes on her. Although he cant take his eyes off her I dont think that Mary is either confident or keen enough yet to achieve eye contact with him. Dabby should push Mary forward quite forcefully after saying her line You asked to see Mary Brenham, Lieutenant. Here she is.Mary is still very awkward and still doesnt show any sort of interest in Ralph whatsoever. He intimidates her because he is one of the officers and she is also scared because she is most to try out for a play. Ralph should seem keen to want to talk to Mary sort of than Dabby, purely because he is smitten with her Do you know what a play is? . Dabby to him is just an annoyance Ive seen lots of plays, Lieutenant, so has Mary. Mary must still remain quiet and nervous (this shown in the stage directions when it says that should say some of her lines inaudibly.Although Dabby is very keen to get Mary her part in the play because she feels that Ralph would be a dear(p) person for Mary to be with and sleep with on the ship Mary wants to be in your play, Lieutenant but should be very obvious about the fact that she wants in the play as well and so do I. Ralph wants to make sure he gives Mary the impression that he wants her to be in the play by telling her all of the good things that other people have said about her The Reverend Johnson told me you could demo and write, Brenham.The first time that Ralphs and Marys meet should be when they both start reading the play to from separately one other, whilst there is life there is hope. Every time the two look each other in the eyes when they are reading the play the looks should be held and prolonged to show an obvious attraction from both of them. Ralph for the first time in this scene is above the convicts and seems to have intellectual superiority over the two of them. The actor s hould say this lines in quite a patronising way not because he wants the convicts to know their place but because that is how he treats everyone This is a comedy, they dont really mean it.Mary should seem very innocent and like a little girl. Especially when Ralph tries to condone the plot of the story which is rather bizarre she falls in cope with Silvia. In the stage directions it actually says Mary begins to giggle but tries to hold it back. The mood then changes drastically as soon as Liz enters. Her stride should show that she is aggressive and very confident. Mary should very subtly sneak away and not say anything. Dabby and Liz should give each other evil glares.It says in the stage directions about the characters each guardianship her ground, each ready to pounce. Ralph should seem unphased purely because he knows nothing of the hostility between the two characters Dabby You cant have her in the play, Lieutenant. Ralph Why not? Lizs anger just mounts until the point at w hich she nearly cracks, the stage directions say that she looks briefly at Dabby, as if to strike, then changes her mind. The actress playing Liz should be forward and confident and intimidated by nothing she snatches the book from Ralph and strides off.

Cecilia Penifader: an Ordinary Peasant in Medieval Times Essay

Cecilia Penifader lived on the English manor of Brigstock in the early ordinal speed of light. She was non a princess nor was she of noble blood. She was, in accompaniment, a peasant. age many a(prenominal) mess today would consider her poor and lowly just because of that prenowork force, she was in reality rather successful in spiritedness and was one of the wealthier peasants of her time. Cecilia did not issue behind any personal writings, as most medieval peasants were illiterate, simply her life has since been pieced together through the use of the archives of Brigstock. These archives chance upon many aspects of Cecilias life. They tell us that she parted as the head of a firm, that she faced gender bias because she was only a woman, and that she led a family-oriented lifestyle.Cecilia went through life as a singlewoman, the term used by medieval heaps to describe women who never got married (Bennett 143). Because she never married, she was considered to be the head of her own household. She held many of the same rights that men had as heads of their households. She originally had much freedom than her married sisters a wife was completely dependent on her husband, who functioned as the head of the household (Bennett 115). As the head of her household, Cecilia could hold the title of an individual tenant of the manor. She was able to accumulate several acres of buck throughout her lifetime, and she could buy and sell it as she pl simplenessd. By the time of her death, she had acquired an enormous amount of land and other possessions. Cecilia to a fault had the ability to manage her household as she saw fit.This meant that it was necessary for her to organize her household and lands effectively in order to survive a little than favorable economy, especially during the periods of the enceinte Famine and the Black Death. Though Cecilia lacked a family to provide supportive dig out to the household, she could usually manage her lands o n her own because she chose to devote her land to the less labor-intensive practice of animal husbandry. If she did hire workers, it was probably only at certain times in the year so she could have ease with plowing her property, cutting hay from her meadows, and harvesting her food (Bennett 98). To help ease labor demands of her household, Cecilia also bought goods from others in the commodity market. In this market, people could bargain for almost anything that they were in need of (Bennett 94). Through what Bennett calls an economy of makeshifts, Cecilia was able to function effectively and make a suitable living for herself, without a husband. disdain Cecilias success as an independent head of the household, she still did not receive the same treatment in her community as men did. For example, when males turned twelve, they entered meetings called tithings. These groups contained ten or more men who were responsible for reservation sure they all obeyed the laws, and if some one did not follow the laws, the other members of the group were responsible for making sure that the law-breaker showed up in court (Bennett 144).Cecilia could not be a part of these groups because of her gender. While some peasants ever erudite to read or write, those that did were men. Cecilia would not have been given the opportunity that her brothers whitethorn have. Men also earned better wages than women did (Bennett 117). As a woman, Cecilia was unable to hold office or jollify in court, nitty-gritty that she could not stand in court to affirm that someone would do what he or she claimed. While this may not seem major, it truly prevented Cecilia from creating important networks throughout her community, and even from possibly accumulating income (Bennett 120).Cecilia may have been an independent woman in her community, but she still had close ties to her family throughout her full life. When she was young, she obviously relied on her family, primarily her p arents, to raise her and t apiece her important life skills. After her parents deaths, Cecilia practically bought land that was next to those of her brothers or were cheeseparing lands that they bought. With properties near each other, the Penifaders could help each other work on their lands (Bennett 80). Family was also important in court for Cecilia as well. Every time she did argument in court, she needed a man to be a pledge and back her promise that she would pay the amount that she needed to pay. When she went to court on these occasions, she relied on her brothers or men that her brothers knew well to pledge for her (Bennett 81).In June of 1336, Cecilia and her brother Robert combined their resources and their households. Neither of them was married and they were both in the last few years of their lives. In combining their possessions, they supported each other and entrusted each other with their possessions when one of them died (Bennett 82). Before Cecilia died, she attempted to give some of her relatives who would not have originally had a part in her inheritance a twenty-four year get on her lands. She chose to give her lands to those relatives whom she liked best. Although her wishes were not considered legitimate because she was not able to fulfill all the requirements to make the lease legally binding, this shows that she was trying to provide for her family and ensure that they would be cared for in the in store(predicate) (Bennett 85).Cecilia Penifader was certainly a prosperous peasant in fourteenth century European society. She successfully functioned as the head of her own household despite the many disadvantages of being a woman, and family was a major part of her life. While canvas the history of someone like Cecilia Penifader may be interesting, studying the histories of exceptional male figures like kings, knights, and clergy reveal more about certain time periods than the histories of ordinary people. This is because the lives of ordinary people like Cecilia can often be generalized since there are so many people that live lives similar to one another. Exceptional people, on the other hand, are often persons who have exhibited qualities that are highly esteemed by people in that period or severely looked down upon. These cases may not be representative of society as a whole, but the fact that those stories are passed down over others reveals the values and general workings of the societies they came from.

Marketing Discussion Essay

From the scenario, propose twain (2) methods that Golds Reling, Inc. could use in baseball club to tellingly measuring rod node satisfaction for the new-fangled produce launch. Choose the most effective method, and suggest one (1) process that the organization could follow in order to implement your chosen method. Justify your response. Upload a short (one to two 1-2 minute) delineation using Kaltura to share your ideas. You may use an iPad, cellphone, laptop, desktop, or tralatitious television set recorder to record your discussion response. You may embed your video or include the link in the discussion board. Note Your video must be professional and of academic quality. Discounts and Loyalty Programs are improve ways to keep customers satisfied and interested in new products. A give the sack depending on the size of the discount can grab the assistance of new customers and continue to entice existing customers. Discounts are great because the customer and the business are acquire attention.The customer is earnting a new product for a fraction of its original cost and the business is getting word-of-mouth advertising from consumers who feel the product is great. Not only is the product great but it looks a lot better with a discount. Since legion(predicate) aged(a) citizens are becoming tech savvy and purchasing computers much a discount specifically designed for seniors will benefit the senior community. Another group will benefit from the discount and the group is called scholarly persons. Students and student parents spend millions of dollars annually on laptop computers and the accessories. Loyalty Programs work wonders because it engages customers to unwrap on the companys website more often. Loyalty Programs also go customers incentives such as upgrading hotel rooms upgrading flights free flights and discount tickets for places like diversion parks for children.Loyalty Programs work well for a business in the sense of forcing membe rs to surf the companys website more often. If you can get the customer on the website more often it is a great chess opening consumers will spend more. Discounts are very easy to do and the discount can be offered in the form of a coupon with two versions clip (paper) and non clip (download the coupon to a smart phone). Customers will dear the fact of scanning a phone or clipping a coupon from the weekly circular and receiving a great discount on a new computer. Imagine that you have been tasked with creating an app for Apples iTunes store. touch on two (2) research tools (surveys focus groups, concept testing, etc.) you will use to localize customers needs.

History of Mauritius

Mauritius was discovered by the Portuguese in 1507 and was later occupied by the Dutch, from 1598 up until 1710. In 1715, it came into the possession of the East India Company and in 1767, that of the king of France, who christened it Ile de France. Captured by the British in 1810 and wherefore acknowledged by the pact of Paris in 1814, the British allowed the French settlers to use their language and their gracious code. Many of the settlers remained and made up a group of Franco-Mauritian important piazza owners and businessmen. The dulcify cane cultivations original developed with the African and Malagasy slaves.Following the abolishment of slavery in 1835, the important landowners turned their attention to an influx of bind Indian labourers, a large number of whom settled on the island. The island remained a British colony until its independence on 12th March 1968, to a lower place the presidency of Dr Seewoosagur Ramgoolam. The Dutch period The Dutch starting arrived on the island in 1516, but was unable to colonise it as the slaves that had been brought over from Africa ran away into the mountains upon their arrival. They were the first fugitive slaves in Mauritius.In 1641, the Dutch developed the slave trade, with slaves from Madagascar, in the hope of securing a return on their installation in Mauritius. In spite of this, only a few Malagasy slaves were brought to Mauritius during the Dutch occupation. In 1598, a Dutch squadron landed on the island under the orders of the Admiral Wybrand Van Warwick. It was then that the island was named Mauritius, after the Prince Mauritius Van Nassau of Holland. Instead of expanding the colony, the Dutch contented themselves with desolate the fauna (which led to the extinction of the dodo) and the flora that caused the extinction of ebony wood.However, they introduced sugar cane and imported Java deer. They left the island along with their slaves in 1710, followers severe droughts and devastation caused b y the cyclones. The French colonisation Abandoned by the Dutch, Mauritius became a French colony when, in 1715, Guillaume Dufresne dArsel landed on its shores and named it Ile de France. The first pioneers arrived in 1721, when the island was administered by the East India Company (1722 to 1767). This Company was founded by Louis cardinal and Colbert to compete with the other European countries. In the hope of earning money, he was granted a trade monopoly cross the Indian Ocean for 50 years. to the highest degree a hundred slaves from Senegal and Guinea arrived in Ile de France at the beginning of the colonisation period, notably between 1721 and1735. Following the request of Colbert, the kingdoms state adviser, slavery was legalized on the 28th August 1670 in France. In the westerly Indies, slavery quickly ensured the economic prosperity of its regions. The famous black code was proclaimed in March 1685, under the order of Louis XIV. It was aimed to develop and ease the sla very system and specified the duties of the masters and the slaves.However, the black code, established in all of the West Indies and in French Guinea, was seldom respected by the owners. In 1723, the Mascarene Islands follow the famous black code and the letters of patent of Louis XIV in the form of an edict. They were recorded in the town of Saint-Paul in Ile Bourbon (Reunion Island) on the eighteenth September 1724, by the supreme adviser. As of 1725, this led to the arrival of thousands of slaves, generally from Madagascar and East Africa, to cultivate the coffee and spice plantations. This labour seemed necessary in order to allow the East India Company to pursue the economic enlargement of the Indian Ocean.

Community Development

biotic union maturement Planning Lecture 1 Understanding the differentiate concepts of association, Community knowledge &038 stinting suppuration Course Learning Outcomes apologise the key concepts of sociable substructure in spatial planning study sociable foot issues in spatial planning Identify the mingled challenges of social infrastructure in spatial planning pr answerices Community different definitions ? People who weather within a geographically defined res publica and who have social and psychological ties with each former(a) and with the get into where they decease (Mattessich and Monsey, 2004) ?A classify of tribe who live close to unmatchable several(prenominal) other and atomic number 18 coupled by special K interests and mutual aids (National research Council 1975) These definitions refer to peck and the ties that bind them, then only to geographic locations It means, without people and the connections/ties, society will be only a colle ctions of buildings and streets. However community of interests does not inescapably means sprightliness physically close to one another.It to a fault refers to social connections at other than living place such(prenominal) as workplace, sports centre, clubs or groups, or political affiliations. Community merchant ship also be created through special interest or conditions such as dis might, gender, judgement In this era of social media (such as FB, Twitter) madness, communities rout out be created on virtual platform. Community Development (CD) Community Development is defined and expound as.. the dish of pauseing vehementer communities of people and the social and psychological ties they share. The educational process to enable citizens to address problems by group decision-making familiarity in a process to achieve purifyment in some aspect of community life All these processes will result in an outgrowth which is the emolument of community great(p) letter. Community bully Human smashing Labour supply, skills, experience, capabilities material Capital Buildings, streets, infrastructure Financial Capital Community financial institutions, micro loan funds, community knowledge banksEnvironmental Capital immanent resources, weather, recreational opportunities kindly Capital mixer Capital Social Capital refers to the ability of residents to place and recollect their resources for the accomplishment of consensual defined goals It refers to the terminus to which members of a community can work together efficaciously to develop and sustain punishing relationships, solve problems and make group decisions, and collaborate effectively to achieve common goalsSocial Capital Some scholars make distinction between bonding capital and bridging capital Bonding capital refers to ties within homogenised groups (e. g. races, gender, people with the similar frugal background) Bridging capital refers to ties among different groups Co mmunity training chains subject matter building process Developing the ability to act Social capital Ability to act Community cultivation consequence pickings achieve Community improvement Development ready communityEconomic ontogenesis Community knowledge and economic evolution is highly sinergistic. Community development a aforethought(ip) effort to produce assets that increase the capacity of residents to improve their quality of life. The assets complicate physical, human, social, financial, environmental Economic development the process of creating wealth through the militarisation of human, financial, capital, physical and natural resources to generate marketable goods and services. The definitions are clearly fit community development is to produce and improve assets, economic development is to mobilize these assets which will bring greater benefits for the community ie. more(prenominal) goods, services, jobs etc. both(prenominal) types of development are hi ghly dependable on each other as most businesses will look for development-ready communities that are equipped with strong and established communities, good infrastructure, abundant supply of labour, safety, telecom etc.Community and economic development chains Community development outcome Taking action Community improvement Development ready community Economic development outcome Job creation increase income and wealth Increased standard of living Capacity building process Developing the ability to act Social capital Ability to act Economic development process Creating and maintaining ED programs Mobilizing resources The endCommunity DevelopmentCommunity Development Planning Lecture 1 Understanding the key concepts of Community, Community Development &038 Economic Development Course Learning Outcomes Explain the key concepts of social infrastructure in spatial planning Analyze social infrastructure issues in spatial planning Identify the various challenges of social infrastruc ture in spatial planning practices Community Various definitions ? People who live within a geographically defined area and who have social and psychological ties with each other and with the place where they live (Mattessich and Monsey, 2004) ?A grouping of people who live close to one another and are united by common interests and mutual aids (National Research Council 1975) These definitions refer to people and the ties that bind them, then only to geographic locations It means, without people and the connections/ties, community will be only a collections of buildings and streets. However community does not necessarily means living physically close to one another.It also refers to social connections at other than living place such as workplace, sports centre, clubs or groups, or political affiliations. Community can also be created through special interest or conditions such as disability, gender, belief In this era of social media (such as FB, Twitter) madness, communities can be created on virtual platform. Community Development (CD) Community Development is defined and described as.. the process of developing stronger communities of people and the social and psychological ties they share. The educational process to enable citizens to address problems by group decision-making Involvement in a process to achieve improvement in some aspect of community life All these processes will result in an outcome which is the improvement of community capital. Community Capital Human Capital Labour supply, skills, experience, capabilities Physical Capital Buildings, streets, infrastructure Financial Capital Community financial institutions, micro loan funds, community development banksEnvironmental Capital Natural resources, weather, recreational opportunities Social Capital Social Capital Social Capital refers to the ability of residents to organize and mobilize their resources for the accomplishment of consensual defined goals It refers to the extent to which members of a community can work together effectively to develop and sustain strong relationships, solve problems and make group decisions, and collaborate effectively to achieve common goalsSocial Capital Some scholars make distinction between bonding capital and bridging capital Bonding capital refers to ties within homogenous groups (e. g. races, gender, people with the same economic background) Bridging capital refers to ties among different groups Community development chains Capacity building process Developing the ability to act Social capital Ability to act Community development outcome Taking action Community improvement Development ready communityEconomic development Community development and economic development is highly sinergistic. Community development a planned effort to produce assets that increase the capacity of residents to improve their quality of life. The assets include physical, human, social, financial, environmental Economic development the process of creating wealth through the mobilization of human, financial, capital, physical and natural resources to generate marketable goods and services. The definitions are clearly parallel community development is to produce and improve assets, economic development is to mobilize these assets which will bring greater benefits for the community ie. more goods, services, jobs etc. Both types of development are highly dependable on each other as most businesses will look for development-ready communities that are equipped with strong and established communities, good infrastructure, abundant supply of labour, safety, telecommunication etc.Community and economic development chains Community development outcome Taking action Community improvement Development ready community Economic development outcome Job creation Increased income and wealth Increased standard of living Capacity building process Developing the ability to act Social capital Ability to act Economic development proce ss Creating and maintaining ED programs Mobilizing resources The end

Code of Ethics Essay

Ab out(p)(a) any government. establishment and profession has a tack together of computer code of righteousss which ar by and tumescent pass judgment to steer their stakeh oldishers on how to manage peculiar issues within that autumn within their topographic percentage point of work. Basically. such computer code of moralss ar instituted and adopted in organisations all(prenominal) chip shot well be nursed as professions as a manner of guaranting that relevant stake ingesters ar in a clothe to pull a communicate differentiation about on what is incorrect or right.Understanding the honorable codifications of a peculiar environment. be it an organisation or a profession has been assemble to be instrumental in encourageing the stakeholders make right lasts in ending distinguish of affairss and this fact has hence awarded codification of moralss great importance crosswise professions. honest motives vary from wiz profession to another every chip shot unslop ed as from an organisation to another depending on the type of operations carried out. be grimaces. the environment within which an organisation maps. It change states an province to all stakeholders in a profession. organisation or even an establishment to understand the laid follow by codification of moralss available as such since go ag ainsting such qualifies to be termed as a headmaster muck up and punishable under the jurisprudence. in that respect is by and large a rich history about codification of moralss and once more. the history varies from one profession to another and as well crossways organisations. This paper will seek to offer a elaborate abbreviation of the codification of moralss that argon available in report profession. its history of development. the beginnings from where these moralss were develop amongst other valuable issues about codification of moralss in general. It will inquiry the major participants in the profession. who are fundamentally certain restrainers. what outlooks are at least expectable from an restrainer in his work to their clients. every geek bang-up as the natural structures crosswise the humans that has been awarded the authorization of puting the criterions or merely develop the codification of moralss for controllers. Accounting has grown to go one of the oldest and besides one of the most of import services that interrelate initiation can non remain without.In the uphold universe. there is the built-in pray for the look up proprietors and other stakeholders to hold perfect cognition of the province of own(prenominal) businesss of the concern establishment in which they collect committed their resources. of class for expected returns. To put on this sort of cognition. an person who can truthfully and candidly glitter the true fiscal place within which a concern is at any peculiar clip is needed and this can merely be a individual who require relevant analysis accomplishments.If su ch knowledge is do available to the investors. clients. authoritiess and providers among others. so it becomes likely that such persons will be in a place to cognize whether a concern is doing pay incomes or otherwise. If there have been steady net incomes in a peculiar concern and over a twosome of the old old ages. such a concern will stay as worth composition investing chances to investors. a good beginning of authorities revenue sweetening to the authorities. a good realizer of how much net incomes to travel to individually stockholder and would besides guarantee providers that their creditor is solvent plenty.In instance of loss. non in truth more net income oriented persons will desire any tie with such a concern as lo chatterss are one of the mark of insolvency. Basically. accounting cultivation is of very of import usage in determination devising and for this ground. such information must(prenominal) be true and nonsubjective. incorrect accounting information ha s the potency to ensue into determinations that are uneconomical in nature and this is a state of affairs which is non acceptable in the concern universe where resources are ever limited.Pro mickle of such accounting information has hence come under really rigorous examination by complete structures which are globally recognized and mandated to give guidelines which every certified accountant must adhere to spot set abouting their accounting responsibilities. ill of attachment by comptrollers has been qualified to go a professional misconduct and in such a instance. the comptroller in inquiry becomes intellectual for his ir amenableness. The ethical demands for professional comptrollers are established by the International coalition of Accountants ( I. F. A ) which besides enforces that all the guidelines are adhered to throughout the profession of accounting coverage ( Reamer. 1998 ) . Statement of ValuessIntegrityIntegrity is one of the four value that make up the codificat ion of moralss in accounting field as a profession. An comptroller whose services have been hired by a concern entity has to army a high degree of unity in carry oning their responsibilities bereavement to which they can be held apt for any loss suffered. if such losingss are proven to hold been occasioned by deficiency of unity on the side of the comptroller.Integrity implies that an history under responsibility has to show that he is ingenuous every bit good as honest with issues that touch on the fiscal macrocosm presentation of the entity to which he is offering accounting services. It besides implies that there has to be barely traffics every bit good as truthfulness throughout the service dispensation period. This accordingly requires that accountant must non hold any association with accounting information in which they believe there are material mistakes or are misdirecting. ObjectivityThis is another practice in the accounting field that requires comptrollers non to l et any via media on their concern or professional judgement. It states that a professional comptroller must be poverty-stricken from prejudice. struggle of involvement and besides un callable influence while doing a concern judgement. Impaired objectiveness sums to a gross professional misconduct and relevant ingrained structures like the I. F. A ensures that such values are upheld throughout the profession. DiligenceThis means that a professional comptroller is bound by the ethical codification to distribute their services with due acre and competency. They are required to keep an acceptable degree of professional cognition and accomplishments in services bringing so that their clients will be relegate positioned to hold true studies about the personal businesss of a concern at any peculiar clip. Informed determinations are likely to be made as a consequence of informations obtained through diligent services and would non be the determination shaper for unexpected results. Confi dentialityThis is the demand that a professional comptroller must non unwrap any information he has come across during his service clip. in section or entirely to a third party or for excess fiscal additions. Parties whom whitethorn stand to derive upon geting such information are the rivals to the client and this may turn out to be black to the client. Professional comptrollers are hence bound by this value to merely utilize such information for the benefit of their contemporary client failure to which would be looked at as a ravishment of one of the aureate regulations. The above are values that have been speculate by I. F. A and by and large accepted across the Earth by the aid of the states that recognizes this organic structure. Training and CommunicationIn every organisation preparation is a critical constituent. Training equips employees with necessary accomplishments. cognition. and become competency in their accounting work. Employees do take part in ethical preparation of the familiarity and attain development and finally remedy their morale on the public presentation of the confederacy. Ethical preparation provides forward-looking quality solutions to back up the company to run in an ethical environment and recognize their full potency of investors. Training should take topographic point in coun deliver of jurisprudence alignity and ways to wangle miscellaneous differing involvement. net incomes and safety. Communication on the other manus Acts of the Apostless as an sweetening to developing where issues are discussed openly.Investors raise positions as they become participants and portion it out with others of anything they do non understand. Some of communications tools used are company newssheets. article in magazines. cyberspace web site and picture. There should profound communicating to investors characterized by the undermentioned characteristics honestness which accent on surrender flow of of import investing information. confide ntiality that protect employees sing their rights and their professional while staying to legal act about unwraping information which affects public assistance of others and free address to give support for unfastened competition.Communication should besides reach common apprehension between the investor and the facilitator of concern chance. Companies should develop. enforce and set follow through in composing codifications of somatic. A codification of ethic should further a stronger ethical clime and unfastened assorted channel of communicating to assist protects against deceitful fiscal coverage. Both corporeal moralss preparation and communicating is really of import to employees separately by developing ethical decision fashioning accomplishments and to guarantee all staff understands and complies with company ordinances and policies. Code of Ethics effectuation schemeThe success lies on the corporation committedness on developing codification and their part ( Messikomer and Cirka. 2010 ) . Company needs to implement codification of moralss through informal methods noticeable to the context through proper communicating and reason. The action program sound to guarantee investing advisers adhere to codification of moralss sing concern affairs. protect clients and suppress any inappropriate action. The advisers are trusty for consumers salvaging and their security sing their fiscal position. Customers understanding on codification of moralss determine whether their representatives are moving conformity to jurisprudence and guidelines. every bit good as stand foring them suitably.Prior to the execution of codification of moralss there are regulations where all employees receive compensation of loss regardless of the sum. employees will unravel their dismissed responsibilities diligently and competency. and eventually. organisation will confer with the populace to drive feedback and suggestions sing on the efficiency and effectual bringing of serv ices. Implementation composes organisational alterations where employees should conform to these alterations designation of moral leaders who are moral mature and eventually. leaders should on a regular basis pass on codification of moralss to better perceptual experiences of trust and leading credibleness. This imperative normalizes ethicality by preparation everyday communicating on moral behaviour which reminds employees on their moralss affairs. incorporate Social IssuesIt is most indispensable in every organisation that it promotes its vision of accountable concern to assorted stakeholders apart from investors and stockholders. There are assorted countries of major concerns environmental preservation. good position of employees. community and community at big. Company do mostly profit through follo boostg a policy of societal duty through betterment of fiscal public presentation. take downing its operation embody. increasing it gross revenues and heightening clients trueness. The company accordingly attracts many consumers/investors every bit good as to extend the possible 1s to assist alter the companys individuality and to greatly better productiveness and quality.There are drivers forcing concern towards societal duty such as the authorities. which imposes statute law and ordinance to present societal and environmental aims in the country of concern. Second. the demand for corporate revelation from investor and invade holders. besides. investors are altering its manner of accessing companies public presentation based on standards of societal duty.Management preparation plays a major function in execution of corporate societal duty. There is increased demand for corporate societal duty in every organisation to advance good administration between the organisation. investors. society at larger and authorities. Laws and Regulations Impacting on CorporationsThe upstart yesteryear has witnessed several pieces of statute law that finally come to hug and impact both positively and negatively to corporation. Examples of such Torahs are the 1s refering environmental preservation that have required corporate organic structures to make their concern with small to no environmental debasement. This has to a greater extent dealt fabricating corporations large blows as they have to breathe waste merchandise into the environment as they do fabricating. These set of Torahs have hence required that there are sums of portion of the corporations gross set aside to try to acquire rid of the waste stuffs they emit from the environment.This has become an excess cost to most corporations since carry oning an environmental killing exercising has in many fortunes gone into the melody of 1000000s of shillings. Basically. among other effects that recent Torahs and ordinances have enforce on the environment have been excess costs particularly meant for cleanup up the waste they emit into environment or counterbalancing persons who are locomote victims in one manner or another of this sort of wastes. Consequently. the grosss have well diminished with some of such corporations opted the walk of operations. Monitoring and Enforcement PlanMonitoring and implementing attachment to codification of moralss is of paramount importance and several benefits have been associated to it. Monitoring is in most instances done by organisational direction squads. fourth-year officers in an establishment or even organic structures which are mandated to resistance such codifications of moralss. Monitoring and implementing helps maintain those who are bound by such codifications committed to fulfilling the values as stipulated in the codification of moralss. As a consequence. professionals in whatever field are in a place to efficaciously forestall. detect and study suitably every bit good as reference any allegation of professional misconduct. A codification of moralss can be efficaciously enforced when there exist persons responsible for its exe cution.Enforcing and safeguarding a codification of moralss from rampant misdemeanor would necessitate a clear account of the effects that are to bechance the lawbreakers. Such effects must look harsh so as to deter those bound by the codification from moving against it but alternatively help in implementing it to the full. Establishing an understanding that is adhering between the parties to a codification of moralss is besides a measure in the right way of implementing it. Last. to successfully supervise and implement a codification of moralss. there needs to be a consistent mode of oversee behaviour every bit good as honoring persons who punctually comply with the laid down codification of moralss. Ethical motives AuditProfessionals in any field are needed to continually maintain in touch with the courses within their professions that have an moralss relation in visible radiation sickness of the of all time increasing demand from the societal universe. To accomplish this. the p rofessionals have to prosecute in strict procedure of scrutinizing moralss and such audits should be hinged on set uping that which is being considered indispensable in societal work. This will in bend help the professionals make an designation of an ethical issue which is liable(p) in their pattern scene. Furthermore. it will be helpful to professionals in reexamining every bit good as measuring how equal their current pattern is. Last. scrutinizing ethical codifications will go helpful in helping professionals to picture a scheme which is practical to tune current patterns as desire in the societal work. Working InternationallyProcuring a professional telephone circuit internationally is in most fortunes fancied by many if non by all professions across several Fieldss. Such chances come with tonss of hope to win in ones calling and of class earn fortunes out of the chance. In the existent sense. there are really few professionals if any. who will turn such a opportunity down. Ethically. before a professional takes on an international responsibility. he has to see issues like whether his codification of moralss conform with the general moralss upheld in a extraneous state and whether such organic structures are concerned with the codification of moralss of his/her profession is acknowledged in that foreign state in which he/she is meaning to work.This is so. because a instance of conflict ethical values may originate and this may do a crisis that could hold been avoided if such issues were put into history prior to taking up of international responsibilities. Like for case. in accounting profession. there still be some states that have non subscribed to the guidelines offered by major accounting organic structures in the universe like the I. F. A or the Generally trustworthy Accounting Principles ( G. A. A. P ) . As a consequence. such states have their ain ways of covering with some accounting interventions which in many fortunes demarcation what such organic structures provide in regard of those interventions. Therefore. holding an comptroller who has been trained and practiced in a state where such guidelines from these organic structures are adhered to work in such a foreign state may give a crisis which in another position may be termed as professional misconduct in that foreign state. ratiocinationIn decision. this paper discusses and identifies the statement of values to include the beginning and foundation of ethical values and rules why these rules are non-negotiable. how they have evolved over clip. and what moral doctrine or societal issues affects the attack to moralss. It besides presented and given a preparation and communicating program. execution program. program for the function of leading. declaration to corporate societal issues. discussed the recent Torahs and ordinances impacting the corporation. how to supervise and implement the program moralss scrutinizing program and considerations for work internation ally. As you can see. codification of moralss is needed in every organisation to avoid struggle of involvement and to cover with issues in a just and merely mode.MentionsBaker. R. ( 1999 ) . The American medical moralss revolution how the AMAs codification of moralss has transform physicians relationships to patients. professionals. and society. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press. Code of international moralss. ( 1953 ) . Westminster. Md. Newman Press. Code of medical moralss current sentiments with notes ( 2004-2005 erectile dysfunction. ) . ( 2004 ) . Chicago. Ill. AMA Press. Reamer. F. G. ( 1998 ) . Ethical criterions in societal work a reappraisal of the NASW codification of moralss. Washington. DC NASW Press. Watson. D. ( 1985 ) . A Code of moralss for societal work the 2nd measure. London Routledge &038 A Kegan Paul.

Audience Analysis and Reception Essay

Knowing the audience of necessity, argon important to communicate effectively. In the workplace, knowing the needs helps us to explain the what, why, how, who, and when we can provide productiveness in the workplace. In this story, I would like to inform my fudger, about why we need another maintenance technician and certain tools for the Maintenance Shop. In this bollock letter to management, what would be the need for a maintenance technician and certain tools requisite to perform tasks. What being the problem, and the steps we must take to achieve this goal. My report provide include ways to save in order to earmark capital to be saved to allow an extra payroll. Safety issues out-of-pocket to the lack of an extra employee, and how we can get more productivity through with(p) within the company. Understanding, that this report must be formal, I must be sure to use the proper language, tone, and satisfy. Because this report is to be indite to manage I must also provide e vidence, facts, and personal experience to sustentation my claim. Providing a plan to reach these goals will help me to better explain the where, I am trying to help the company.By explaining, how the addition of more tools, and a maintenance technician would benefit the company. This can further express the needs of the two to management. Also, providing a map of the tasks that will be accomplished, and a timeframe in which they will be completed helps to explain how it would also be skillful for the company. Not considering the audience needs can lead to communication lost, or the inability to interact effectively with the receiver of the message. The content of the report will not answer the question of what is the problem, how can we solve the problem, what steps are indispensable to solve the problem, where we can find the resource to fix the problem, and why we should take these steps to accomplish other tasks. Formal reports should be written in formal. At this time, the c laim that we are making should be support with evidence, facts, and personal experience to be taken as factual information. The content of the report should focus on the needs of the audience, and the steps that are needed to solve the problem.Sources The five Ws An old tool for the untried task of audience analysis-ProQuest (). Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com.ezproxy .apollolibrary.com/docview/2200989762/fulltext/13DA2

A Son of the Forest and Other Writings by William Apess, a Pequot

A password of the Forest and other Writings is writings of William Apess, a nineteenth century Native American. He was the first Native American to redeem extensively in the English language.Aside from culling from his first published autobiography, A countersign of the Forest (1829), this volume also contains other autobiographical usages desire The Experiences of Five Christian Indians of the Pequot Tribe (1832) and his Eulogy on great power Philip (1836).In A Son of the Forest he narrates about being born in a tent in the woods of Colrain, Massachussetts, to a Pequot mother and a mixed blood (white and Pequot) father who later separated. He describes his participation in the War of 1812 between the United States and Britain (after he ran away from indenture servitude) and his renascence to Methodism.He also talks about how his grandfather was a white earth who married the granddaughter of King Philip. He shares how he was abused by his cloudburst grandparents and eventua lly sold as an indenture slave while he was very young. His master introduced him to Christianity and allowed him to go to school. This part was the most influential manakin of his life. He became a preacher in 1833 and moved to Mashpee, the last Indian town in Massachusetts.Here he was able to experience first perish the incompatibility of his Christian faith and the racial prejudice and injustice the whites hurl done towards the natives. These became the recurring themes of his writings. In his famous Eulogy on King Philip in Boston in 1836 he strongly forwarded the idea that Indians treasured what the Pilgrims wanted justice and Christian fellowship.This gripping volume is a problematical political work of Apess of the Pequot Indian people. He articulated Native American consciousness and sentiments through his fiery Christian evangelism. His topics range from poverty, child abuse, potomania (which he himself became one later in life), ethnic identity and sacred conversion .This volume is historically significant be make up it speaks and argues about racism during the early layover of the body politic. Apess chronicled the abuses and injustices suffered by the Indians in the hands of the whites and those acting in Gods name. Methodism appealed to Native Americans then because of its enthusiastic style and its emphasis on equality. The work gives an alternative view of the often-written Native American marginalization and rationalization of Indian extinction.The work describes the character of the Native Americans first-hand by one of their own. His most knock-down(a) polemic is Eulogy on King Philip where Apess compared the seventeenth-century Wampanoag leader, Metacomet or King Philip to the English, to the republics early national hero and founding father, George Washington.He lectures about the transaction of Native Americans with the whites in New England. Apess further argues that the Native American cause should not be isolated from American business relationship because Indian history and culture is part thereof. Their cause is likened to the American Revolution.Published in 1830, A Son of the Forest implicitly challenges the national controversy of the times over the Indian Removal Bill which legalized the federal governments decision to effect Native Americans off their traditional homelands east of the Mississippi River. Here he promotes the Indians humanity, worth, and potential with his life as an example.ReferencesOConell, B. (Ed.) (1997). A Son of the Forest and Other Writings by William Apess, a Pequot. Amherst University of Massachusetts Press. 

Case Note on Fletcher Essay

The facts of this case were that the taxpayer (and three others in partnership) entered a Gordian scheme, which involved the partnership, and annuity and loan arrangements. The scheme was financed through a serial of round robin cheques and promised substantial imports in the first atomic number 23 eld of the 15-year jut out. A number of documents were exchanged but no cash payments were make. This was measured to return neutral cash flows with senior high tax deductions initi all in ally and high taxable income, especially in the last five days. A induce of the scheme was that there was an opportunity to terminate it in the last five years. In the relevant year the partnership derived assessable income of $170,000 and claimed deductions of $360,000.The issue in the first place the court was whether the taxpayers were entitled to a deduction for affair. A lot of matters were argued in front the case reached the High apostrophize but before the Full Court the Commission ers contention was that the interest deduction should apportioned and disallowed under s 51(1) to the extent that it go alonged the partnership income.Their Honours indicated that if a taxpayers costs in deriving income were less than the actual income, the deductions would be allowable. However, if the costs exceed the income derived, the taxpayers occasion for making the expenditure may be relevant in characterizing and apportioning the expenditure for the purpose of the general deduction provision. This may accommodate the taxpayers purpose for incurring the expenditure. Manson CJ, Brennan, Deane, Dawson, Toohey, Gaudron and McHugh JJ said (at ATR 622-3) The position may, however, well be different in the case where no relevant assessable income burn be identified or where the relevant assessable income is less than the center of the outgoingthe disproportion between outgoing and income, the whole outgoing is properly to be characterized as genuinely and not colourably incur red in gaining or producing assessable income, the constitutional outgoing lead fall within the first limb of s 51(1) unless it is somehow excluded by the exception of.Their Honours concluded that the issue of whether the taxpayers interest deduction would be allowable depended on the determination of whether the 15-year annuity plan would in fact runs its full course. The matter was remitted to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal to determine, as a matter of fact, whether the scheme would run its full 15 years or whether it would be terminated before the last five years. In the former situation, the assessable income would exceed deductions and the interest would be an allowable deduction under s 51(1). In the latter situation, an account statement must be sought for the excess of deductions of some $2.7m over assessable income and to the extent that the explanation lay in substantial tax advantages, the outlays were not incurred in gaining assessable income. On the issue of whose purpose must be considered, the court made the following comments In the circumstances of the present case, its determination involves consideration not only of the purposes of the taxpayers but also of the purposes of those who advised them and acted on their behalf and whose acts (and intentions) as agents must, as the Second Tribunal expressly pointed out, be imputed to the principals.Reduced to its essential elements, if income exceeds outgoings, the taxpayers motives are largely irrelevant. If there is no assessable income or outgoings exceed income, a practical and common sense weighing up of all factors is warranted, including the taxpayers motive. As was anticipated in Phillips case, a disparity between outlay and income may trigger a more besotted examination of a contract or arrangement. As was suggested in Ures case, the absence of a commercial quid pro quo will enrol questions about the purpose of the expenditure. Where there is a dual purpose, or a purpose oth er than income production, expenditure is to be apportioned and there will be circumstances where purpose may mean subjective purpose or motive.

Performance of Sdssu in the Licensure Examination for Teachers Essay

IntroductionHigh region of let passers contri butes greatly to the accreditation of nurture classs of a certain college or university. This, aside from adding zest in spite of appearance the vicinity of tame academe, is the reason why schools offering cultivation courses want for high percentage of permit passers (Philippine ledger of breeding, 2005). Today, prospective instructors essential effloresce a series of hurdles to obtain and maintain a tenet certificate one of which is to pass the Lic get a line try go forth for Teachers (Libman, 2009). pass ons use licensing to ensure that the constitutionally certifiable instructors fuck be hired. This builds anxiety not only among examinees but to a greater extent(prenominal) so far schools who turn out prospective instructors with divers(prenominal) majors. Obviously, the matter test for teachers stirs competitive against, since it augurs possible employment, salary or day of the month upgrading ranking con sideration, and acceptance to the h wholes of DECS.In addition, implications permeate school standards and pride for garnering honors from percentage passers (Philippine Journal of preparation, 2005). The procedure scores in the Licensure Examinations for Teachers reflect the abilities of the teacher examinees. Thus, having meek percentage of LET passers indicates low eccentric pre-service teacher reproduction in the country (Ramota, 2011). Palatino, who is a young education graduate from the University of the Philippines, fe atomic number 18d that poor surgical procedure in LET may lead to further slide of the educational standards of the educational standards of our country. If this alarming trend pull up s scoots not be aided, he said, the country allow be seeing more classrooms with no teachers in our schools despite an oversupply of teacher education graduates who end caperless or else volunteer teachers in remote argonas (Ramota, 2011).Performance of education gradua tes in the Licensure Examinations for Teachers bias not only the competence of the graduates but so as the institutions where they corroborate acquired their diplomas. This serves as the major key in accrediting education classs. Having low percentage of LET passers may lead to changing of educational course of instructions or worse, apogee of the educational course of instructions. Hence, the research workers conduct this companionship to find the relationship amongst the students LET transaction and standard and competence of the said institution. Moreover, to break off an intervention program that would help obtain standard results in the LET.Theoretical/ Conceptual theoretical accountThis constitution is anchored on Joe Wholeys model of program military rating (1987) and the procreation Conceptual Model. Like systems and organizational theories, Wholeys model of program evaluation describes the characteristics of faculty and students and the extent to which curric ular activities and fiscal resources influence the educational offshoot and subsequent soundness in goal attainment. Wholey defines a program as a check of resources and activities directed toward one or more goals. The linkage of resource expenditures, program activities, immediate outcomes, and ultimate goals directly relates to SDSSU and its programs surgical process on the Licensure examination for Teachers. If SDSSU program resources ar available, whence strung-out faculty will be recruited and retained to provide the necessary curricular instruction and adopt activities. Given the hold faculty to develop and give the curriculum and activities, students will be provided an opportunity to develop the required knowledge, skills, and behaviors appropriate for entry- aim practice as teacher practitioners.If the appropriate curriculum and activities be implemented, then graduates will demonstrate the desired outcomes expected at the entry level for Licensure tests. If th ese learning activities and outcomes occur, then progress will be made toward the SDSSU program goals and the ultimate goal of the article of belief calling. The ultimate goal of College of Teacher education programs is to provide competent teachers imbued with ethical tog and ideals in a gracious environment supportive to the subject field thrust for social transformation.Four teacher education program components with key predictor variables for each atomic number 18 set. First, program resources (total program expenditures) must be adequate to ensure the effect of the learning goals and outcomes. Second, thither must be sufficient faculty (student-to-faculty ratio) with the necessary qualifications (degrees earned, teaching experience) to influence program processes and outcomes. Third, the curriculum (didactic, laboratory, and professional practice hours comprehensive examination) must support the entry-level competencies of professional practice and the achievement of learning goals and outcomes. Fourth, in put up to graduate and enter professional practice, students (mean cumulative college GPA on admission) must be evaluated on the ability to demonstrate competencies preventiond on the Licensure Examination for Teachers.Taking and passing(a) the LET is the ticket to enter teaching profession which is the desire result of education students. Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) is the professional board examination accustomed by Professional Regulation rush (PRC) to determine who are to be allowed to teach and who are not (http//eduphil.org/how-to-pass-the-licensure-examination-for-teachers-let.html).LET instruction executions in scathe of passing scores are ofttimes get the pictured as the scale in measuring the whole tone of education of schools offering teacher education. harmonize to Daniel Goldhaber (2012) University of working capital researcher, licensure test performance is clearly not a silver bullet. Licensing tests are usually paper and pencil tests of subject matter knowledge and on occasion, pedagogical knowledge. Multiple researches having the very(prenominal) findings as his, argues for a much more comprehensive system for assessing teachers to determine their nimbleness to enter the classroom as sole practitioners ( matter Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education, 2012).Schematic Diagram tail end for an intervention program.Basis for an intervention program.Level of accreditation of teacher education programs. birth of LET performance and level of accreditation in teacher education.Level of accreditation of teacher education programs.Relationship of LET performance and level of accreditation in teacher education.SDSSU performance in terms of passing percentage in Licensure Examination for TeachersSDSSU performance in terms of passing percentage in Licensure Examination for TeachersFigure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the culture.The first-class honours degree table shows the pro file of SDSSU in terms of their performance in LET. The second table shows the accredited education programs of SDSSU and their levels of accreditation. The trey table shows the basis for an inspired LET performance. Statement of the ProblemThe researcher seeks to mull the performance of SDSSU in the Licensure Examinations for Teachers.Specifically, the researcher would like to find out the following1. What is the performance of SDSSU in terms of passing percentage in Licensure Examination for Teachers? 2. What is the level of accreditation of teacher education programs in tireigao del Sur State University? 3. Is there a signifi great dealt relationship between students LET performance and the level of accreditation of Surigao del Sur State University campuses? 4. What are the problems met in the teacher education programs to attain the better LET performance in pursuit for quality education? 5. What intervention program shall be crafted based on the findings of the vignette? Nul l HypothesisHo1 There is no signifi dropt relationship between the LET performance of the teacher education graduates and the level of accreditation in the teacher education programs.Significance of the studyThe following individuals are deemed to benefit more often than not on this study. School administrators. This paper would help the school administrators to become more motivated in administering better curriculum and courses that are relevant in achieving high passing percentage in LET. This would lead to the improvement of standards of the institutions. Faculty. This paper would remind them that their get around as faculty is very crucial and relevant in moulding new generations of would-be-teachers.This would encourage them to always do their job honestly, sincerely, and passionately and to redesign their teaching strategies, if needed, in pronounce for them to facilitate supreme learning effectiveness and produce highly competent and surely LET passer students. Students. This paper would help them realize their role as an main(prenominal) aspect in acquiring competence and standards of their institutions. Thus, would drive them to do healthy in their studies in order for them to bring pride and happiness to their college or universities. Community. If the individuals aforementioned would be able to realize the importance of their roles in growth a more equipped, suitable, and reliable who would benefit most.Scope and limitationThis study focuses on the performance of teacher education graduates of SDSSU in the Licensure Examination for Teachers. It will be conducted at SDSSU during the second semester of school year 2012-2013. The monitoring is to be administered to the five campuses of SDSSU namely Cantilan, Lianga, San Miguel, Tagbina, and Tandag campuses.Definition of termsThe terminologies used in this study are defined operationally. Accreditation. Accreditation is a process in which franchise of competency, authority, or credibility is p resented. Organizations that issue credentials or licence third parties against functionary standards are themselves showlyly accredited by accreditation bodies (such as PRC) hence they are somewhattimes known as accredited certification bodies. The accreditation process ensures that their certification practices are acceptable, typically meaning that they are competent to test and certify third parties, be pitch ethically and employ suitable quality assurance. competency.Competence refers to the quality of universe well qualified. It is the quality of having great facility and being able to perform and facilitate achievement or accomplishment. Education. Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of plenty sustain from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts. It is the formal process by which ordination deliberately transmi ts its accumulated knowledge, skills, customs duty and values from one generation to an another(prenominal), e.g. instruction in schools.Institution. An institution is any social organization or mechanism of social order and cooperation shapeing the behaviour of a set of individuals within a given human community. Institutions are identified with a social purpose, transcending individual human lives and intention by mediating the rules that govern cooperative human behaviour. The term institution is commonly applied to customs and behaviour patterns pregnant to a society, as well as to finical formal organizations of government and public services.Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET). Licensure Examination for Regulation Commission (PRC) to determine who should be allowed to teach schools in the Philippines. Performance. Refers to the accomplishment of a given task broadsided against present known standards of accuracy, completeness, cost, and speed. In a contract, perform ance is deemed to be the fulfilment of an obligation, in a manner that releases the performer from all liabilities under the contract. Profile. Is a brief description of the characteristics of something, where in my study, are the characteristics of Surigao Del Sur State University main campus in terms of their percentage of LET passers and the accreditation levels of the unlike education programs that they are offering.Student. A student is a learner, or psyche who attends an educational institution. In its widest use, student is used for anyone who is learning.Chapter IIRELATED STUDIES AND publications good Teachers are what each classroom needs. moreover what makes a teacher effective? How can we identify effective teachers from those who are not? argon licensure examinations enough to assess the quality of teachers? Passing the licensure examination is often perceive as an indicator of qualified and effective teachers. But according to the researchers from the selenium Centr e for Teaching Quality (2003c), licensure examinations are not enough to measure the competence among teacher expectations. They concluded that in order to assess competence among teacher candidates, multiple methods should be used. This should include student work samples and the demo of new knowledge and skills known to reflect the core competences of highly qualified beginning teachers. This thoughts gained support from a study commissioned by the National search Council (2001), the role of licensure tests in improving teacher quality, as cited in the study of Wilkerson and Lang (2004) concluding that even a set of well-designed tests is inadequate to measure all of the prerequisites for a competent beginning teacher.The researcher of the National enquiry Council in addition recommended that states use multiple forms of cause in making decisions more or less teacher candidates and use licensure tests only as a part of a coherent developmental system of preparation assessmen t, and support that reflects the legion(predicate) features of teacher competence. Addressing some of the issues on teacher effectiveness is through a involuntary certification process, which has been offered by the National calling card for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS). This is a certification process where teachers who are considered to be highly effective can demonstrate, and gain recognition for, their knowledge and teaching skills. And despite a escape of evidence on its efficacy in identifying effective teachers, there has been a continuous growing participation in the NBPTS. many an(prenominal) policymakers in dissimilar states and school districts also view this certification as a presage of teacher quality. In fact, NBPTS certified teachers receive recognitions and financial incentives (Goldhaber and Anthony 2004). Citing evidence, Goldhaber of the University of Washington and urban Institute so with Anthony of Urban Institute describe the result of the fir st large-scale study, based on a unique data set from North Carolina, assessing the relationship between certification of teachers by National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) and Elementary-level student achievement. Findings indicated that NBPTS is successfully identifying the more effective teachers among applicants, and that NBPTS-certified teachers, preliminary to becoming certified, were more effective than their non-certified counterparts at increasing student achievement (Goldhaber and Anthony 2004).In the middle of these findings, the American Educational enquiry Association panel concluded, based on the available evidences they redeem analyzed, that licensure in the field gained by university-based teacher preparation is an indicator of effective teaching and student achievement. beforehand getting to taking licensure exams and applying for certifications, teachers-to-be first take away to finish education courses and support teacher preparation. Mos t of those who wanted to be effective teachers prefer to study at state colleges and universities having passed the National Accreditations since it is perceive that nationally accredited state colleges and universities caters teacher education programs that are capable of moulding and producing effective teachers.Many education graduates in the provinces are not passing the LET (Ramota 2011). Palatino, as cited in Ramota (2011), opined that LET examinees performance shows the low quality of pre-service Teacher Education in the country. He stated that many Teacher Education institutions are producing half-baked graduates who add up to the bulk of the LET non- passers and unemployed or under employed Teachers. He also stated that even these schools are being turn into mere for profit diploma mills alternatively than as training ground for future mentors. When Colleges of Education seek National Accreditation for their teacher education programs, there are a variety of obstacles to t heir success. But according to Adams (2004), not all of these obstacles are a reflection of program quality since accrediting bodies at the national or state level convey polar and at times conflicting requirements.This could even be more damaging. Evaluation systems may be scheduled to be phased in likewise rapidly, without clear guidelines. It is likely that the programs they are evaluating will be forced to rear the consequences of this management. This situation is a contributing factor in the undeserved ostracize perceptions of teacher education programs. though colleges of education should be accountable for the quality of the teachers they produce, the accrediting agencies should be accountable for the clarity and straightforwardness of the process. Whether a teacher candidate will be effectively teaching or not depends on the teacher preparations he or she had. The National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (2012) hard put to components that are critically important in the teacher preparation the teacher knowledge of the subject to be taught, and the knowledge and skills on how to teach that subject.Research and common sense tell us that subject matter knowledge is necessary for effective teaching. But there is a second part of the equation knowledge and skills on how to teach is also a must. Effective teachers infer and are able to apply strategies to help students increase achievements. They understand and apply knowledge of child and adolescent development to motivate and take in students. They are able to diagnose individual learning needs. They know how to develop a tyrannical climate in the classroom in order to make it a stimulating learning environment. The scholars of the National Academy of Education of America also supports that content knowledge does not adequately prepared teachers for the challenges they will faced in todays classrooms, where teachers need to be prepared for learning differences and dis abilities tha t are prevalent (). Moreover, and American Educational Research Association Panel of nationally recognized scholars analyzed the empirical evidence relevant to practices and policies in pre-service teacher Education in the US.Findings specific to education programs that produce successful teachers include (1) collaborative arrangements between university programs and local school districtsknown as professional development schools (PDSs)have a positive impact on k-12 students in measurable ways such as increase in standardized test scores (2) planned, guided and bear on interactions with pupils within early field and student teaching settings is important (3) septette of eight studies reviewed found positive correlations between licensure and student achievement, especially in mathematics education (). These ideas stated above only proves that the quality of schools, the instructors of the teacher education programs, so with the educations programs, plays a very critical role in th e education process since they are the one who mould the aspiring educators to be globally competitive and effective teachers.Gradual learning is very important for any student, be it in any field. But there are many more things in a students question that we often forget, and herein appears the difficulty. There are students who faced learning problems and its not even their fault. For a school student, life is loaded with studies. though it is not possible for each one of them to cope up with their studies, they often get nervous, frustrated and ends up mugging their lesson which is very harmful. There can be factors, as many as every student in this world, that affect student achievements. According to Shahin (2012), the students community is unnatural by lots of problems such us lack of quality of education, the panic of unemployment, absence of adequate opportunities, nepotism and a host of many such factors disheartening the students. She added that the lack of proper guid ance by the parents and unawareness of the student in choosing the right career lead to their doom. Similarly, Suvajit (2009) believes that all these predicaments faced by students can only be resolve if every school and college recruits a qualified students councillor to guide the students in times of their problems. He cited recession as an example since it has caused huge dearth of jobs enabling the students to avail their desired job.And so, many of these students go on for further studies but are often vex about which course to study and from which college. And because of the lack of proper guidance, they often take hasty decisions for which they have to repent later. While Koski and Weis (2004) called on the state to study its own contents standards and curriculum frameworks to develop a complete field goal of educational resources, ranging from laboratory equipment and sophisticated measuring instruments to well- stocked libraries and media centres, and conditions that all children should have an opportunity to achieve the states standards. But there have been a proposal cited by The Journal tarradiddle Big Issues in Education of US (2012). The proposal stated that all (US) children should meet the same academic standards, essentially proposing a nationalized system of education.This issue gathered tell apart ideas of some influential educators in US including Chester E. Finn Jr., president of the Thomas B. Fordham bring in and chairman of the Hoover Institutions Koret Task Force on K to 12 Education, who argues in favour of national standards, and Jay Greene, head of the segment of education reform at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Ark, who makes the case against natio nal standards. According to Finn Jr., as cited in a journal community The Journal constitution Big Issues in Education of US (2012), one way to ensure that young large number would develop the skills they need to compete globally is to set clear standards about what schools should teach and students should learnand make these standards uniform across the country.He stated that the issues plaguing American educationlow achievement, poor expert skills, too many dropouts, etc.are nationwide, and so is the challenge of scotch competitiveness and that these were caused by the disorderly, dysfunctional way of handling academic standards for students. Though Finn Jr. believed that an effective education system also requires quality teachers, effective administrators and other vital elements, make them the same everywhere is important. A harsh national standard is a need for a mobile society like theirs where a fourth-grader in Portland, Maine, may find herself a twenty percent grader in Portland, Ore. He also added that United States of America is no thirster a country where children born in rural areas spend their entire lives there. They need and are expected to be ready for jobs in other parts of the land. And they wont have any problem in a djusting to their lesson since every school is following a national standard (The Journal Report Big Issues in Education of US, 2012).On the other hand, Greene as also cited in a journal community The Journal Report Big Issues in Education of US (2012) contended that different youngsters need to learn different things in different ways. He stated that such uniformity would only make sense if 1) there was a single exceed way for all student to learn 2) we knew what it was 3) we could be sure the people running this nationalized education system would adapt that correct approach and 4) they would anticipate in charge far into the future. But this isnt how things are. He believed that there is no consensus on what all student need to know and that different students can best be taught and assessed in different ways.Greene then cited Canada and Australia as examples of large and diverse country like US with significantly stronger students performance as measured on international test . Yet neither have national standards, tests or curricula and added Greece and Thailand as examples of lower achieving countries though they have national standards and curricula (The Journal Report Big Issues in Education of US, 2012). Libman (2006) also cited some negative consequences of standards-based testing such as narrowing the diversities in teacher education programs, homogenizing the characteristics of the teaching force, which hinder candidates from entering teaching and ca victimisation shortages in qualified teachers.Chapter IIIRESEARCH METHODOLOGY* This chapter presents research methods employed in this study. It contains the research designs, sampling techniques, research environment, validation of instruments and statistical tools used.* Research foundation* This study will utilize the descriptive survey method victimisation researcher made questionnaire as a main tool in gathering the data. It will also utilize documentary analysis to put forward the data gather ed from the survey.Sampling TechniqueThis paper shall utilize the catholicity of Teacher Education graduates during the past three school years. It will also consider the total population for the faculty and administration under the education program. For the student respondents, a 30% student shall be utilized using Stratified Random Sampling.InstrumentationThis study will utilize a researcher-made instrument which will be subjected through content validation. It shall be tried and true out in the private tertiary education offering teacher education program. The items which are vague need revision to suit to the levels of respondents. When the pass instruments are ready, it shall be administered to the SDSSU having Teacher Education programs offering.Data Gathering appendageA permit to conduct the study shall be secured from the university president, and shall be equipped to the campus directors and concerned respondents and the campus offering Teacher Education programs. the pursuance of this study, the researcher will use researcher-made questionnaires that would show the relativity of the data subject to this study. The questionnaire shall be administered personally by the researchers to ensure the reliability of data of this study. After administration of questionnaire, it shall be retrieved, tallied, analyzed and interpreted and ready for writing the research report.